Andy Maleh

Posted on Jan 13, 2022 • Edited on Jan 26, 2022

Using Opal Ruby with Rails 7

#opal #ruby #rails #jquery

Opal enables writing web front-end code in Ruby, thus producing highly maintainable, productive, and understandable code on both the client-side and server-side.

Below, I present 3 different examples of using Opal Ruby on Rails 7.

Basic Opal Rails 7 Example

Rails 7 recently came out with simplified defaults, including defaulting back to Sprockets.

Setting up Opal on Rails 7 is a breeze as a result.

You may follow these instructions to get a Hello, World! Opal example running in Rails 7:

Opal Rails 7 Example

1- Generate a new Rails app with:

rails new rails_app

2- In your Gemfile, add:

gem 'opal-rails'

3-
Run opal:install Rails generator to add app/assets/javascript to your asset-pipeline manifest in app/assets/config/manifest.js:

bin/rails g opal:install

4- Delete app/javascript/application.js

5- Enable the following lines in the generated app/assets/javascript/application.js.rb after require "opal":

puts 'hello world!'

require 'native'

$$.document.addEventListener(:DOMContentLoaded) do
  $$.document.body.innerHTML = '<h2>Hello World!</h2>'
end

6- Run rails g scaffold welcome

7- Run rails db:migrate

8- Clear app/views/welcomes/index.html.erb (empty its content)

9- Run rails s

10- Visit http://localhost:3000/welcomes

In the browser webpage, you should see:

Hello World!

Also, you should see hello world! in the browser console.

Advanced Opal Rails 7 Example

Next, let's build a complete Rails application using Opal Ruby instead of JavaScript, called Baseball Cards!

It will be an animated baseball card creation application that simply takes a player name, team, and position, and renders a baseball card live while information is typed into a WYSIWYG form.

The form looks up random player animated gifs on Giphy. If you do not like the randomly selected photo, you can click the "Another Player Image" button to change it. Otherwise, the form also adds an image for the selected baseball team logo and it edits an SVG element live that represents the player position (e.g. if the player is a 1st-base position player, that part of the SVG lights up yellow). Here is how the "New baseball card" form looks like:

Normally, JavaScript must be involved to interactively build the Baseball Card, but thanks to Opal, we can write most of the code in pure Ruby instead. Note that some Opal Native code was mixed in as well (that is using ticks to execute small bits of JS inside the [Ruby](https://www.ruby-lang.org/) code just like when you use ticks in CRuby to shell out into the command line terminal), thus demoing this Opal capability too.

The code solution is included below (note that since it is just a demo, I mostly embedded CSS in the elements in the _baseball_card.html.erb partial).

Opal Rails 7 Advanced Example (Baseball Cards)

1- Run:

rails new baseball_cards

2- Run:

rails g scaffold baseball_cards name:string team:string position:string

3- Run:

rails g migration add_image_url_to_baseball_cards image_url:string

4- Run:

rails db:migrate

5- In your Gemfile, add the following and bundle:

gem 'opal-rails'

6- Run:

bin/rails g opal:install

7- Delete app/javascript/application.js

8- Replace the content of the following files with the following code:

app/assets/javascript/application.js.rb

require 'opal'
require 'native'
require 'json'

card_image_updater = proc do
  name_input = $$.document.getElementById('baseball_card_name')
  unless name_input.value.empty?
    url = "http://api.giphy.com/v1/gifs/search?q=#{name_input.value}&limit=20&api_key=fM6ptBz7qPw79xrXOagWvHiPzRBSQK7f"
    xhttp = Native(`new XMLHttpRequest`)
    xhttp.onload = proc do |response|
      if `this.readyState` == 4 && `this.status` == 200
        response_hash = JSON.parse(`this.responseText`)
        image_url = response_hash['data'].sample['url']
        image_url = "https://media1.giphy.com/media/#{image_url.split('-').last}/giphy.gif"
        card_element = $$.document.querySelectorAll('.card')[0]
        card_element.style['background-image'] = "url(#{image_url})"
        hidden_image_url_field = $$.document.getElementById('baseball_card_image_url')
        hidden_image_url_field.value = image_url
      end
    end
    xhttp.open('GET', url, true)
    xhttp.send
  end
end

$$.document.addEventListener(:DOMContentLoaded) do
  name_input = $$.document.getElementById('baseball_card_name')

  name_input&.addEventListener(:change) do
    card_name = $$.document.getElementById('card_name')
    card_name.innerHTML = name_input.value
    card_image_updater.call
  end

  team_select = $$.document.getElementById('baseball_card_team')

  team_select&.addEventListener(:change) do
    card_team_image = $$.document.getElementById('card_team')
    card_team_value = team_select.value.downcase.gsub(' ', '-')
    card_team_value = 'redsox' if card_team_value == 'red-sox' # special case for the red sox
    image_url = "https://sportslogosvg.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/#{card_team_value}-1200x864.png"
    card_team_image.style['display'] = 'inline-block'
    card_team_image.src = image_url
  end

  position_select = $$.document.getElementById('baseball_card_position')

  position_select&.addEventListener(:change) do
    card_position_image = $$.document.getElementById('card_position')
    card_position_image.style['display'] = 'inline-block'
    svg_element_id = "text-#{position_select.value.downcase.gsub(' ', '-')}"
    $$.document.querySelectorAll('svg text').to_a.each { |text| text.style['fill'] = 'transparent'}
    $$.document.getElementById(svg_element_id).style['fill'] = 'yellow'
  end

  update_card_player_image_button = $$.document.getElementById('update_card_player_image')

  update_card_player_image_button&.addEventListener(:click) do |event|
    Native(event).preventDefault
    card_image_updater.call
  end
end

config/routes.rb

Rails.application.routes.draw do
  resources :baseball_cards
  root "baseball_cards#index"
end

app/models/baseball_card.rb

class BaseballCard < ApplicationRecord
  TEAMS = [
    {town: 'Chicago', team: 'White Sox'},
    {town: 'Cleveland', team: 'Guardians'},
    {town: 'Detroit', team: 'Tigers'},
    {town: 'Kansas City', team: 'Royals'},
    {town: 'Minnesota', team: 'Twins'},
    {town: 'Baltimore', team: 'Orioles'},
    {town: 'Boston', team: 'Red Sox'},
    {town: 'New York', team: 'Yankees'},
    {town: 'Tampa Bay', team: 'Rays'},
    {town: 'Toronto', team: 'Blue Jays'},
    {town: 'Houston', team: 'Astros'},
    {town: 'Los Angeles', team: 'Angels'},
    {town: 'Oakland', team: 'Athletics'},
    {town: 'Seattle', team: 'Mariners'},
    {town: 'Texas', team: 'Rangers'},
    {town: 'Chicago', team: 'Cubs'},
    {town: 'Cincinnati', team: 'Reds'},
    {town: 'Milwaukee', team: 'Brewers'},
    {town: 'Pittsburgh', team: 'Pirates'},
    {town: 'St. Louis', team: 'Cardinals'},
    {town: 'Atlanta', team: 'Braves'},
    {town: 'Miami', team: 'Marlins'},
    {town: 'New York', team: 'Mets'},
    {town: 'Philadelphia', team: 'Phillies'},
    {town: 'Washington', team: 'Nationals'},
    {town: 'Arizona', team: 'Diamondbacks'},
    {town: 'Colorado', team: 'Rockies'},
    {town: 'Los Angeles', team: 'Dodgers'},
    {town: 'San Diego', team: 'Padres'},
    {town: 'San Francisco', team: 'Giants'},
  ]

  POSITIONS = [
    'Pitcher',
    'Catcher',
    '1st Base',
    '2nd Base',
    '3rd Base',
    'Shortstop',
    'Left Field',
    'Center Field',
    'Right Field',
  ]

  validates :name, presence: true
  validates :image_url, presence: true
end

app/controllers/baseball_cards_controller.rb

class BaseballCardsController < ApplicationController
  before_action :set_baseball_card, only: %i[ show edit update destroy ]

  # GET /baseball_cards or /baseball_cards.json
  def index
    @baseball_cards = BaseballCard.all
  end

  # GET /baseball_cards/1 or /baseball_cards/1.json
  def show
  end

  # GET /baseball_cards/new
  def new
    @baseball_card = BaseballCard.new
  end

  # GET /baseball_cards/1/edit
  def edit
  end

  # POST /baseball_cards or /baseball_cards.json
  def create
    @baseball_card = BaseballCard.new(baseball_card_params)

    respond_to do |format|
      if @baseball_card.save
        format.html { redirect_to baseball_card_url(@baseball_card), notice: "Baseball card was successfully created." }
        format.json { render :show, status: :created, location: @baseball_card }
      else
        format.html { render :new, status: :unprocessable_entity }
        format.json { render json: @baseball_card.errors, status: :unprocessable_entity }
      end
    end
  end

  # PATCH/PUT /baseball_cards/1 or /baseball_cards/1.json
  def update
    respond_to do |format|
      if @baseball_card.update(baseball_card_params)
        format.html { redirect_to baseball_card_url(@baseball_card), notice: "Baseball card was successfully updated." }
        format.json { render :show, status: :ok, location: @baseball_card }
      else
        format.html { render :edit, status: :unprocessable_entity }
        format.json { render json: @baseball_card.errors, status: :unprocessable_entity }
      end
    end
  end

  # DELETE /baseball_cards/1 or /baseball_cards/1.json
  def destroy
    @baseball_card.destroy

    respond_to do |format|
      format.html { redirect_to baseball_cards_url, notice: "Baseball card was successfully destroyed." }
      format.json { head :no_content }
    end
  end

  private
    # Use callbacks to share common setup or constraints between actions.
    def set_baseball_card
      @baseball_card = BaseballCard.find(params[:id])
    end

    # Only allow a list of trusted parameters through.
    def baseball_card_params
      params.require(:baseball_card).permit(:name, :team, :position, :image_url)
    end
end

app/helpers/baseball_cards_helper.rb

module BaseballCardsHelper
  def team_options_for_select(selected=nil)
    teams = BaseballCard::TEAMS.reduce({}) do |hash, town_team_hash|
      hash.merge(town_team_hash.values.join(' ') => town_team_hash[:team])
    end
    options_for_select(teams, selected)
  end
end

app/views/baseball_cards/_baseball_card.html.erb

<% baseball_card ||= @baseball_card %>

<div class="card" style="float: left; margin: 10px; position: relative; background-size: cover; width: 200px; height: 300px; background-position-x: center; box-shadow: 0 4px 8px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.2); background-image: url(<%= baseball_card&.image_url %>);">
  <div style="position: absolute; bottom: 0px;">
    <img id="card_team" src="<%= "https://sportslogosvg.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/#{baseball_card&.team&.downcase == 'red sox' ? 'redsox' : baseball_card&.team&.downcase&.sub(' ', '-')}-1200x864.png" %>" height="30" style="display: <%= baseball_card&.team ? 'inline-block' : 'none' %>; vertical-align: middle;" />

    <span id="card_name" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; color: white; font-size: 16px; text-shadow: -1px -1px 0 #000, 1px -1px 0 #000, -1px 1px 0 #000, 1px 1px 0 #000;">
      <%= baseball_card&.name %>
    </span>

    <svg
       xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
       xmlns:cc="http://web.resource.org/cc/"
       xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
       xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
       xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
       xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
       xmlns:sodipodi="http://sodipodi.sourceforge.net/DTD/sodipodi-0.dtd"
       xmlns:inkscape="http://www.inkscape.org/namespaces/inkscape"
       height="35"
       viewBox="0 0 611.73914 511.06744"
       id="card_position"
       style="display: <%= baseball_card&.position ? 'inline-block' : 'none' %>; vertical-align: middle;"
       sodipodi:version="0.32"
       inkscape:version="0.45.1"
       version="1.0"
       sodipodi:docbase="C:\Documents and Settings\Chris\Desktop\baseball"
       sodipodi:docname="Baseball C.svg"
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      <defs
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        <linearGradient
           id="linearGradient6183">
          <stop
             style="stop-color:#7e4317;stop-opacity:1;"
             offset="0"
             id="stop6185" />
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             style="stop-color:#953100;stop-opacity:1;"
             offset="1"
             id="stop6187" />
        </linearGradient>
        <linearGradient
           id="linearGradient5141">
          <stop
             style="stop-color:#ffffff;stop-opacity:1;"
             offset="1"
             id="stop5143" />
          <stop
             style="stop-color:#ffffff;stop-opacity:0;"
             offset="1"
             id="stop5145" />
        </linearGradient>
        <radialGradient
           inkscape:collect="always"
           xlink:href="#linearGradient5141"
           id="radialGradient5147"
           cx="408.7468"
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             sodipodi:type="arc" />
        </g>
        <text
           xml:space="preserve"
           style="font-size:56px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill:<%= baseball_card&.position == '1st Base' ? 'yellow' : 'transparent' %>;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1;font-family:Arial"
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        <text
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             sodipodi:role="line"
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        <text
           xml:space="preserve"
           style="font-size:56px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill:<%= baseball_card&.position == '3rd Base' ? 'yellow' : 'transparent' %>;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1;font-family:Arial"
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             sodipodi:role="line"
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        <text
           xml:space="preserve"
           style="font-size:56px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill:<%= baseball_card&.position == 'Shortstop' ? 'yellow' : 'transparent' %>;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1;font-family:Arial"
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             sodipodi:role="line"
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        <text
           xml:space="preserve"
           style="font-size:56px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill:<%= baseball_card&.position == 'Right Field' ? 'yellow' : 'transparent' %>;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1;font-family:Arial"
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             sodipodi:role="line"
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        <text
           xml:space="preserve"
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        <text
           xml:space="preserve"
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             sodipodi:role="line"
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        <text
           xml:space="preserve"
           style="font-size:56px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill:<%= baseball_card&.position == 'Catcher' ? 'yellow' : 'transparent' %>;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1;font-family:Arial"
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        <text
           xml:space="preserve"
           style="font-size:56px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;fill:<%= baseball_card&.position == 'Pitcher' ? 'yellow' : 'transparent' %>;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-opacity:1;font-family:Arial"
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             sodipodi:role="line"
             id="text14086"
             x="367.49219"
             y="676.40515">P</tspan></text>
        <path
           sodipodi:type="arc"
           style="opacity:0.31111115;fill:#ffff00;fill-opacity:1;fill-rule:evenodd;stroke:none;stroke-width:4.05200005;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1"
           id="path14108"
           sodipodi:cx="281.5"
           sodipodi:cy="150.56744"
           sodipodi:rx="45.5"
           sodipodi:ry="45.5"
           d="M 327 150.56744 A 45.5 45.5 0 1 1  236,150.56744 A 45.5 45.5 0 1 1  327 150.56744 z"
           transform="translate(98.60282,611.39469)" />
      </g>
    </svg>
  </div>
</div>

app/views/baseball_cards/_form.html.erb

<%= form_with(model: baseball_card) do |form| %>
  <% if baseball_card.errors.any? %>
    <div style="color: red">
      <h2><%= pluralize(baseball_card.errors.count, "error") %> prohibited this baseball_card from being saved:</h2>

      <ul>
        <% baseball_card.errors.each do |error| %>
          <li><%= error.full_message %></li>
        <% end %>
      </ul>
    </div>
  <% end %>

  <div>
    <%= form.label :name, style: "display: block" %>
    <%= form.text_field :name %>
  </div>

  <div>
    <%= button_tag 'Another Player Image', type: '', id: :update_card_player_image %>
  </div>

  <div>
    <%= form.label :team, style: "display: block" %>
    <%= form.select :team, team_options_for_select(@baseball_card&.team) %>
  </div>

  <div>
    <%= form.label :position, style: "display: block" %>
    <%= form.select :position, BaseballCard::POSITIONS %>
  </div>

  <div>
    <%= form.hidden_field :image_url %>
    <%= form.submit %>
  </div>
<% end %>

<br />

<%= render @baseball_card %>

app/views/baseball_cards/index.html.erb

<p style="color: green"><%= notice %></p>

<h1>Baseball cards</h1>

<%= link_to "New baseball card", new_baseball_card_path %>

<div id="baseball_cards">
  <% @baseball_cards.each do |baseball_card| %>
    <%= link_to baseball_card do %>
      <%= render baseball_card, baseball_card: baseball_card %>
    <% end %>
  <% end %>
</div>

app/views/baseball_cards/new.html.erb

<h1>New baseball card</h1>

<div>
  <%= link_to "Back to baseball cards", baseball_cards_path %>
</div>

<br>

<%= render "form", baseball_card: @baseball_card %>

app/views/baseball_cards/edit.html.erb

<h1>Editing baseball card</h1>

<div>
  <%= link_to "Show this baseball card", @baseball_card %> |
  <%= link_to "Back to baseball cards", baseball_cards_path %>
</div>

<br>

<%= render "form", baseball_card: @baseball_card %>

9- Run:

rails s

10- Visit:

http://localhost:3000

Opal jQuery Example

Next, let's refactor the code to utilize Opal jQuery in Ruby instead of plain Opal. This simplifies the code in app/assets/javascript/application.js.rb quite a bit:

1- In your Gemfile, add the following and bundle:

gem 'opal-jquery'

2- Download jquery.js from https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.6.0.js and save in this location (to be able to later add require 'jquery' to the Opal code):

app/assets/javascript/jquery.js

3- Replace the content of the file app/assets/javascript/application.js.rb with the following:

require 'opal'
require 'native'
require 'jquery'
require 'opal-jquery'

card_image_updater = proc do
  name_input = Element['#baseball_card_name']
  if !name_input.val.empty?
    url = "http://api.giphy.com/v1/gifs/search?q=#{name_input.value}&limit=20&api_key=fM6ptBz7qPw79xrXOagWvHiPzRBSQK7f"
    HTTP.get(url) do |response|
      if response.ok?
        response_hash = response.json
        image_url = response_hash['data'].sample['url']
        image_url = "https://media1.giphy.com/media/#{image_url.split('-').last}/giphy.gif"
        card_element = Element['.card']
        card_element.css('background-image', "url(#{image_url})")
        hidden_image_url_field = Element['#baseball_card_image_url']
        hidden_image_url_field.val(image_url)
      end
    end
  end
end

Document.ready? do
  name_input = Element['#baseball_card_name']

  name_input.on(:change) do
    card_name = Element['#card_name']
    card_name.html(name_input.value)
    card_image_updater.call
  end

  team_select = Element['#baseball_card_team']

  team_select.on(:change) do
    card_team_image = Element['#card_team']
    card_team_value = team_select.value.downcase.gsub(' ', '-')
    card_team_value = 'redsox' if card_team_value == 'red-sox' # special case for the red sox
    image_url = "https://sportslogosvg.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/#{card_team_value}-1200x864.png"
    card_team_image.css('display', 'inline-block')
    card_team_image.attr('src', image_url)
  end

  position_select = Element['#baseball_card_position']

  position_select.on(:change) do
    card_position_image = Element['#card_position']
    card_position_image.css('display', 'inline-block')
    svg_element_id = "text-#{position_select.value.downcase.gsub(' ', '-')}"
    Element['svg text'].each { |text| text.css('fill', 'transparent')}
    Element["##{svg_element_id}"].css('fill', 'yellow')
  end

  update_card_player_image_button = Element['#update_card_player_image']

  update_card_player_image_button.on(:click) do |event|
    event.prevent
    card_image_updater.call
  end
end