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AWS Community Builders profile image Alessandro Gaggia
Alessandro Gaggia for AWS Community Builders

Posted on • Originally published at blog.leapp.cloud

AWS IAM CLI: a cheatsheet

#aws #iam #cli #security

AWS CLI stands for Amazon Web Services Command Line Interface.

It is an open-source tool, and knowing how to use it to interact with AWS Services is crucial, especially for Developers.

It allows to centralize control of all existing services from a single tool, and moreover, to make automated scripts.

AWS Identity & Access Management, IAM in short, provides fine-grained access control across AWS services.

This article will show how to use the AWS CLI to perform all the most common IAM operations.

Prerequisites and Tips

  • If you haven't installed the AWS CLI yet, start by looking at Installing the AWS CLI Guide from Amazon.
  • Download jq, a lightweight and flexible JSON processor for your terminal. Highly recommend for automated script with the AWS CLI. Look at the site for more information.
  • Get the AWS CLI version: $ aws --version.

AWS Version

  • Get the AWS CLI installation path: $ which aws.

AWS CLI Path

  • Configure the AWS CLI for the first time: follow our previous article.
  • $ aws --cli-auto-prompt: enable Auto Completion mode for the CLI, giving you suggestions as you write down your commands. Just remember to exit this mode when you need to run scripts!

AWS CLI: Versions

  • Version 2.x — Used primarily for production environments.
  • Version 1.x — Now available only for backward compatibility.

AWS CLI: command anatomy

Users can create commands in single or multiple lines. The \ character splits a command into multiple lines for better readability.

In general, a command is structured in this way:

AWS CLI Command description

You have the CLI invocation, and then you apply a command to a specific service. You can also add many different optional parameters.

AWS IAM CLI: table of content

There are many different commands that you can exploit using the AWS CLI, but this article will focus only on those related to IAM and STS (AWS Security Token Service).

Because commands can have many optional parameters, we recommend opening this link in your browser for further reference information.

Below is a table of content you can use to navigate to a specific command.

AWS IAM CLI: create user

Create a new IAM user.

aws iam create-user --user-name AlessandroArticle

  • iam: Service
  • create-user: Command
  • --user-name: Name of the user

Output:



{
    "User": {
        "Path": "/",
        "UserName": "AlessandroArticle",
        "UserId": "<user_id>",
        "Arn": "arn:aws:iam::<account_number>:user/AlessandroArticle",
        "CreateDate": "<creation_date>"
    }
}
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AWS IAM CLI: list users

Lists all users in the credentials’ set account.

aws iam list-users

  • iam: Service
  • list-users: Command

Output:



{
    "Users": [
        {
            "Path": "/",
                "UserName": "AlessandroArticle",
                "UserId": "<user_id>",
                "Arn": "arn:aws:iam::<account_number>:user/AlessandroArticle",
                "CreateDate": "<creation_date>"
        }
        ]
}
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AWS IAM CLI: update user

Updates an IAM user. We can update the name of a user using the update-user command.

aws iam update-user --user-name AlessandroArticle --new-user-name AlessandroArticleNew

  • iam: Service
  • update-user: Command
  • —-user-name: The old name
  • —-new-user-name: The new name

AWS IAM CLI: delete user

Deletes the specified IAM user.

aws iam delete-user —user-name AlessandroArticle

  • iam: Service
  • update-user: Command
  • —-user-name: The name of the user to remove

Note: you must delete the items attached to the user before attempting to delete a user, otherwise the command will fail (as per AWS documentation):

  • Password ( DeleteLoginProfile )
  • Access keys ( DeleteAccessKey )
  • Signing certificate ( DeleteSigningCertificate )
  • SSH public key ( DeleteSSHPublicKey )
  • Git credentials ( DeleteServiceSpecificCredential )
  • Multi-factor authentication (MFA) device ( DeactivateMFADevice , DeleteVirtualMFADevice )
  • Inline policies ( DeleteUserPolicy )
  • Attached managed policies ( DetachUserPolicy )
  • Group memberships ( RemoveUserFromGroup )

Pro tips:

List userId and UserName



aws iam list-users | jq -r ‘.Users[ ]|.UserId+” “+.UserName’
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Get single user



aws iam get-user --user-name (username)
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Add user



aws iam create-user --user-name (username)
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Delete user



aws iam delete-user --user-name (username)
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List access keys for user



aws iam list-access-keys --user-name (username) | jq -r .AccessKeyMetadata[ ].AccessKeyId
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Delete access key for user



aws iam delete-access-key --user-name (username) --access-key-id (accessKeyID)
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Activate/deactivate access key for user



aws iam update-access-key --status Active --user-name (username) --access-key-id (access key)
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aws iam update-access-key --status Inactive --user-name (username) --access-key-id (access key)
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Generate new access key for user



aws iam create-access-key --user-name (username) | jq -r ‘.AccessKey | .AccessKeyId+” “+.SecretAccessKey’
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AWS IAM CLI: create IAM policy

Creates a new IAM policy.

aws iam create-policy --policy-name example-policy --policy-document file://example-policy.json

  • iam: Service
  • create-policy: Command
  • --policy-name: Name of the IAM policy
  • --policy-document: Policy document in JSON format (useful because the policies are structured files)

An example policy document:



{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
              "Effect": "Allow",
              "Action": [
                "s3:GetBucketLocation",
                "s3:ListBucket",
                "s3:ListBucketMultipartUploads"
              ],
              "Resource": [
                "arn:aws:s3:::<my_bucket>"
              ]
            }
    ]
}
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Output:



{
   "Policy": {
      "PolicyName":"example-policy",
      "PolicyId":"<policy_id>",
      "Arn":"arn:aws:iam::<account_number>:policy/example-policy",
      "Path":"/",
      "DefaultVersionId":"v1",
      "AttachmentCount":0,
      "PermissionsBoundaryUsageCount":0,
      "IsAttachable":true,
      "CreateDate":"<creation_date>",
      "UpdateDate":"<update_date>"
   }
}
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AWS IAM CLI: list IAM policies

Lists IAM policies in the account.

aws iam list-policies --scopes All

  • iam: Service
  • list-policies: Command
  • --scopes: Policies scope. Possible values: All, AWS, Local. AWS is for managed policies, while Local for custom policies.

Output



{
    "Policies": [
        {
           "Policy": {
              "PolicyName":"example-policy",
              "PolicyId":"<policy_id>",
              "Arn":"arn:aws:iam::<account_number>:policy/example-policy",
              "Path":"/",
              "DefaultVersionId":"v1",
              "AttachmentCount":0,
              "PermissionsBoundaryUsageCount":0,
              "IsAttachable":true,
              "CreateDate":"<creation_date>",
              "UpdateDate":"<update_date>"
           }
        }
    ]
}
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AWS IAM CLI: update IAM policy

Edit an IAM policy and set it as default.



aws iam create-policy-version \
 --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::123456789012:policy/my-policy \
 --policy-document file://NewPolicyVersion.json --set-as-default
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  • iam: Service
  • create-policy-version: Command
  • --policy-arn: ARN of the policy
  • --policy-document: Updated policy file

AWS IAM CLI: delete IAM policy

Delete a policy given the ARN.

aws iam delete-policy --policy-arn arn**:**aws**:**iam**::**123456789012**:**policy/my-policy

  • iam: Service
  • delete-policy: Command
  • --policy-arn: ARN of the policy

AWS IAM CLI: create IAM role

Creates a new IAM role. The arguments for this command are:

aws iam create-role --role-name example-role --assume-role-policy-document file://assume-policy.json

  • iam: Service
  • create-role: Command
  • --role-name: Name of the IAM role
  • --assume-role-policy-document: Trust relationship policy document that grants an entity permission to assume the role

In this example, we will create an IAM role that grants AWS Glue permission to assume the role (as principal).



{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
        "Effect": "Allow",
        "Principal": {
        "Service": "glue.amazonaws.com"
        },
        "Action": "sts:AssumeRole"
        }
    ]
}
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Output:



{
    "Role": {
        "Path": "/",
        "RoleName": "example-role",
        "RoleId": "<role_id>",
        "Arn": "arn:aws:iam::<account_number>:role/example-role",
        "CreateDate": "<creation_date>",
        "AssumeRolePolicyDocument": {
            "Version": "2012-10-17",
            "Statement": [
                {
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Principal": {
                        "Service": "glue.amazonaws.com"
                    },
                    "Action": "sts:AssumeRole"
                }
            ]
        }
    }
}
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AWS IAM CLI: delete a Role

Deletes an IAM Role.

aws iam delete-role --role-name Test-Role

  • iam: Service
  • delete-role: Command
  • --role-name: Name of the IAM Role to remove

AWS IAM CLI: attach policy to a User

To allow a User to do some actions, apply a policy to it.

aws iam attach-user-policy --user-name AlessandroArticle --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::<policy_id>:policy/my-policy

  • iam: Service
  • attach-user-policy: Command
  • --user-name: Name of the IAM user
  • --policy-arn: ARN of the IAM policy to attach

In this example, we will attach the IAM policy we created earlier to an example IAM.

AWS IAM CLI: attach policy to an IAM role

We can also attach a policy to a IAM role.

aws iam attach-role-policy --role-name example-role --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::<policy_id>:policy/my-policy

  • iam: Service
  • attach-role-policy: Command
  • --role-name: Name of the IAM role
  • --policy-arn: ARN of the IAM policy you want to attach

AWS IAM CLI: list all policies attached to a user

We can list all policies attached to an IAM User.

aws iam list-attached-user-policies --user-name AlessandroArticle

  • iam: Service
  • list-attached-user-policies: Command
  • --user-name: The User to whom the policies are attached to

Output



{
    "AttachedPolicies": [
        {
            "PolicyName": "my-policy",
            "PolicyArn": "arn:aws:iam::<account_number>:policy/learnaws-dynamo-policy"
        }
    ]
}
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AWS IAM CLI: list all policies attached to a role

List all policies attached to an IAM Role.

aws iam list-attached-role-policies --role-name example-role

  • iam: Service
  • list-attached-role-policies: Command
  • --role-name: The Role to whom the policies are attached to

Output



{
    "AttachedPolicies": [
        {
            "PolicyName": "my-policy",
            "PolicyArn": "arn:aws:iam::<account_number>:policy/example-policy"
        }
    ]
}
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Output:



{
    "UserId": "AROAJQ3ISEWFFR6GXAW:<user_name>",
    "Account": "637004329899",
    "Arn": "arn:aws:sts::637004329899:assumed-role/<role-name>/<user_name>"
}
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AWS IAM CLI: jq snippets

Finally, thanks to the excellent tutorial from BlueMatador, here we present some fast snippets that integrate the *jq* tool to extrapolate useful info for different use-cases. Kudos to them 🙂.

List groups



aws iam list-groups | jq -r .Groups[ ].GroupName
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Add/Delete groups



aws iam create-group --group-name (groupName)
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List policies and ARNs



aws iam list-policies | jq -r ‘.Policies[ ]|.PolicyName+” “+.Arn’
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aws iam list-policies --scope AWS | jq -r ‘.Policies[ ]|.PolicyName+” “+.Arn’
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aws iam list-policies --scope Local | jq -r ‘.Policies[ ]|.PolicyName+” “+.Arn’
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List user/group/roles for a policy



aws iam list-entities-for-policy --policy-arn arn:aws:iam:2308345:policy/example-ReadOnly
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List policies for a group



aws iam list-attached-group-policies --group-name (groupname)
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Add policy to a group



aws iam attach-group-policy --group-name (groupname) --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/exampleReadOnlyAccess
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Add user to a group



aws iam add-user-to-group --group-name (groupname) --user-name (username)
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Remove user from a group



aws iam remove-user-from-group --group-name (groupname) --user-name (username)
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List users in a group



aws iam get-group --group-name (groupname)
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List groups for a user



aws iam list-groups-for-user --user-name (username)
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Attach/detach policy to a group



aws iam attach-group-policy --group-name (groupname) --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/DynamoDBFullAccess
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aws iam detach-group-policy --group-name (groupname) --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/DynamoDBFullAccess
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<!-- TOC -->

Conclusions

This article shows that AWS CLI is a powerful tool for automatic operations on AWS services.

In particular, we have used IAM and STS services to explore all the different commands that we can leverage for Access Management and Identity governance.

We have demonstrated that AWS CLI commands can be chained with other terminal tools to push even further your automation scripts.

Finally, we have seen how jq can be a perfect companion for the CLI to obtain properties out of JSON-formatted files or command results.

If this article interested you, next week we will continue with a new cheatsheet correlated to STS and how it is tied closely to our open-source tool Leapp. Don’t miss it out!

Thank you everyone, for coming this far. We hope that you enjoyed this little “cheatsheet”.

As always, if you have questions, clarifications, or just want to share your opinions, feel free to join our Top of the Ops community.

Until next time, stay safe 🙂!

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