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AWS Community Builders profile image Paulo Ponciano
Paulo Ponciano for AWS Community Builders

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Multi-Cluster com Karmada [Lab Session]

#kubernetes #karmada #community #aws

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What is Karmada?

Karmada (Kubernetes Armada) is a Kubernetes management system that enables you to run your cloud-native applications across multiple Kubernetes clusters and clouds, with no changes to your applications. By speaking Kubernetes-native APIs and providing advanced scheduling capabilities, Karmada enables truly open, multi-cloud Kubernetes.

Karmada aims to provide turnkey automation for multi-cluster application management in multi-cloud and hybrid cloud scenarios, with key features such as centralized multi-cloud management, high availability, failure recovery, and traffic scheduling.

Architecture
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Source: https://karmada.io

Arquitetura do Lab

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Deploy da infra

  • Cluster 1 ou pegasus: 
git clone https://github.com/paulofponciano/EKS-Istio-Karpenter-ArgoCD.git
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[!NOTE]
Altere os valores em variables.tfvars se for necessário.
No arquivo nlb.tf, estamos informando um certificado do ACM. Altere para o seu certificado ou remova comentando as linhas 38, 39, 40 e descomentando a linha 37.

Com certificado:

resource "aws_lb_listener" "ingress_443" {
  load_balancer_arn = aws_lb.istio_ingress.arn
  port              = "443"
  #protocol          = "TCP"
  protocol        = "TLS"
  certificate_arn = "arn:aws:acm:us-east-2:ACCOUNTID:certificate/bfbfe3ce-d347-4c42-8986-f45e95e04ca1"
  alpn_policy     = "HTTP2Preferred"

  default_action {
    type             = "forward"
    target_group_arn = aws_lb_target_group.https.arn
  }
}
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Sem certificado:

resource "aws_lb_listener" "ingress_443" {
  load_balancer_arn = aws_lb.istio_ingress.arn
  port              = "443"
  protocol          = "TCP"
  # protocol        = "TLS"
  # certificate_arn = "arn:aws:acm:us-east-2:ACCOUNTID:certificate/bfbfe3ce-d347-4c42-8986-f45e95e04ca1"
  # alpn_policy     = "HTTP2Preferred"

  default_action {
    type             = "forward"
    target_group_arn = aws_lb_target_group.https.arn
  }
}
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tofu init
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tofu plan --var-file variables.tfvars
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tofu apply --var-file variables.tfvars
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  • Cluster 2 ou pegasus-2: 
git clone https://github.com/paulofponciano/EKS-Istio-Karpenter.git
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[!NOTE]
Altere os valores em variables.tfvars se for necessário.

tofu init
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tofu plan --var-file variables.tfvars
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tofu apply --var-file variables.tfvars
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Deploy do karmada 

git clone https://github.com/paulofponciano/karmada.git
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cd karmada
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Entrando no contexto do cluster pegasus:

aws eks update-kubeconfig --region us-east-2 --name pegasus
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[!NOTE]
Os comandos a seguir serão executados no cluster pegasus (Cluster 1), onde temos o Argo rodando.

helm repo add karmada-charts https://raw.githubusercontent.com/karmada-io/karmada/master/charts
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helm repo update
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helm --namespace karmada-system upgrade -i karmada karmada-charts/karmada --create-namespace
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Verificando o deployment:

kubectl get pods -n karmada-system
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Agora já temos o controlplane do karmada rodando no cluster pegasus.

Com o deploy, é gerado um secret com o kubeconfig necessário para conectarmos no controlplane do karmada:

kubectl get secrets -n karmada-system | grep karmada-kubeconfig
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kubectl get secret -n karmada-system karmada-kubeconfig -o jsonpath='{.data.kubeconfig}' | base64 --decode
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Criando IRSA (Iam Role for Service Account)

[!NOTE]
Altere os valores de ACCOUNTID na iam-policy-irsa-karmada.json e no comando eksctl abaixo.

Isso refletirá em uma Service Account dentro do cluster pegasus, usaremos ela montando em um pod do ubuntu como ponto de acesso temporário ao controlplane do karmada.

aws iam create-policy --policy-name ubuntu-admin-karmada \
  --policy-document file://iam-policy-irsa-karmada.json
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eksctl create iamserviceaccount --name ubuntu-admin-karmada \
  --namespace karmada-system \
  --cluster pegasus \
  --attach-policy-arn arn:aws:iam::ACCOUNTID:policy/ubuntu-admin-karmada \
  --region us-east-2 \
  --profile default \
  --approve
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No lado AWS, isso reflete em uma IAM role que podemos adicionar nos dois clusters EKS.

  • EKS IAM - Console (pegasus-2):

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Faça o mesmo para o cluster pegasus, onde o karmada controlplane está rodando.

Acessando Karmada API-Server

Vamos subir agora aquele pod do ubuntu-admin no cluster pegasus. No manifesto já está tudo definido para utilizar a Service Account que criamos mais acima.

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/paulofponciano/karmada/main/ubuntu-admin-karmada.yaml
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kubectl get pods -n karmada-system | grep ubuntu
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Nesse momento, vamos entrar no container do ubuntu, que está rodando no cluster pegasus:

kubectl exec -it ubuntu-admin-karmada -n karmada-system -- /bin/bash
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  • Instalando o kubectl karmada: 
curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/karmada-io/karmada/master/hack/install-cli.sh | bash -s kubectl-karmada
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  • Entrando no contexto do cluster pegasus-2: 
aws eks update-kubeconfig --region us-west-2 --name pegasus-2 --kubeconfig $HOME/.kube/pegasus-2.config
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kubectl get nodes --kubeconfig $HOME/.kube/pegasus-2.config
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  • Vamos fazer o mesmo para o cluster pegasus: 
aws eks update-kubeconfig --region us-east-2 --name pegasus --kubeconfig $HOME/.kube/pegasus.config
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kubectl get nodes --kubeconfig $HOME/.kube/pegasus.config
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  • Checando acesso ao karmada apiserver: 
kubectl get all -A --kubeconfig /etc/karmada-kubeconfig/kubeconfig
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  • Join do pegasus-2 no karmada: 
kubectl karmada --kubeconfig /etc/karmada-kubeconfig/kubeconfig join pegasus-2 --cluster-kubeconfig=$HOME/.kube/pegasus-2.config
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  • Join do pegasus no karmada: 
kubectl karmada --kubeconfig /etc/karmada-kubeconfig/kubeconfig join pegasus --cluster-kubeconfig=$HOME/.kube/pegasus.config
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  • Checando status dos clusters adicionados: 
kubectl --kubeconfig /etc/karmada-kubeconfig/kubeconfig get clusters
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  • Instalando CLI do ArgoCD: 
curl -sSL -o argocd-linux-amd64 https://github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/releases/latest/download/argocd-linux-amd64
install -m 555 argocd-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/argocd
rm argocd-linux-amd64
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  • Recuperando o secret / password do Argo server e fazendo login: 
kubectl -n argocd get secret argocd-initial-admin-secret -o jsonpath="{.data.password}" | base64 -d; echo
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argocd login argocd-server.argocd.svc.cluster.local:80 --username admin
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  • Adicionando o karmada como cluster no ArgoCD: 
argocd cluster add karmada-apiserver --kubeconfig /etc/karmada-kubeconfig/kubeconfig --name karmada-controlplane
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Deploy com ArgoCD

Se acessarmos a UI do Argo, que está rodando no cluster pegasus, veremos que o karmada está registrado como um cluster onde é possível o Argo fazer deploy:

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Podemos agora aplicar um manifesto que irá definir uma nova fonte para o Argo buscar por deploys. Nesse caso, essa fonte é um repositório no GitHub:

kubectl apply -f karmada-argo-app.yaml
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Como já temos manifestos nesse repositório (no path /app-manifests), o Argo já faz o sync entregando essas aplicações no controlplane do karmada e o karmada por sua vez, entrega nos dois clusters de acordo com o que for definido nos manifestos de PropagationPolicy:

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No cluster pegasus podemos ver:

kubectl get pods -o wide | grep redis
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Cluster pegasus-2:

kubectl get pods -o wide | grep nginx
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No caso do deploy do RabbitMQ, podemos ver que existem replicas rodando nos dois clusters, quando olharmos os aquivos de PropagationPolicy poderemos entender.

kubectl get pods -o wide --context arn:aws:eks:us-east-2:ACCOUNTID:cluster/pegasus | grep rabbitmq
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kubectl get pods -o wide --context arn:aws:eks:us-west-2:ACCOUNTID:cluster/pegasus-2 | grep rabbitmq
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Karmada OverridePolicy e PropagationPolicy

No repositório que o Argo está monitorando, podemos ver os manifestos do karmada e também o manifestos de deployment que usamos como exemplo.

Exemplo Redis

Regras de override e selector do deployment onde será aplicado, no caso 'redis':

apiVersion: policy.karmada.io/v1alpha1
kind: OverridePolicy
metadata:
  name: redis-op
spec:
  resourceSelectors:
    - apiVersion: apps/v1
      kind: Deployment
      name: redis
  overrideRules:
    - targetCluster:
        clusterNames:
          - pegasus-2
      overriders:
        labelsOverrider:
          - operator: add
            value:
              env: skoala-dev
          - operator: add
            value:
              env-stat: skoala-stage
          - operator: remove
            value:
              for: for
          - operator: replace
            value:
              bar: test
    - targetCluster:
        clusterNames:
          - pegasus
      overriders:
        annotationsOverrider:
          - operator: add
            value:
              env: skoala-stage
          - operator: remove
            value:
              bom: bom
          - operator: replace
            value:
              emma: sophia
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Regras de propagação, selector do deployment e target cluster. Nesse caso de failover, esse deployment deve ser migrado para o cluster pegasus-2 caso o cluster pegasus entre em falha:

apiVersion: policy.karmada.io/v1alpha1
kind: PropagationPolicy
metadata:
  name: redis-propagation
spec:
  propagateDeps: true
  failover:
    application:
      decisionConditions:
        tolerationSeconds: 120
      purgeMode: Never
  resourceSelectors:
    - apiVersion: apps/v1
      kind: Deployment
      name: redis
  placement:
    clusterAffinity:
      clusterNames:
        - pegasus
        - pegasus-2
    spreadConstraints:
      - maxGroups: 1
        minGroups: 1
        spreadByField: cluster
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Exemplo Nginx 

apiVersion: policy.karmada.io/v1alpha1
kind: OverridePolicy
metadata:
  name: nginx-op
spec:
  resourceSelectors:
    - apiVersion: apps/v1
      kind: Deployment
      name: nginx
  overrideRules:
    - targetCluster:
        clusterNames:
          - pegasus-2
      overriders:
        labelsOverrider:
          - operator: add
            value:
              env: skoala-dev
          - operator: add
            value:
              env-stat: skoala-stage
          - operator: remove
            value:
              for: for
          - operator: replace
            value:
              bar: test
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Neste caso, apenas o cluster pegasus-2 foi definido em 'targetCluster':

apiVersion: policy.karmada.io/v1alpha1
kind: PropagationPolicy
metadata:
  name: nginx-propagation
spec:
  resourceSelectors:
    - apiVersion: apps/v1
      kind: Deployment
      name: nginx
  placement:
    clusterAffinity:
      clusterNames:
        - pegasus-2
    replicaScheduling:
      replicaDivisionPreference: Weighted
      replicaSchedulingType: Divided
      weightPreference:
        staticWeightList:
          - targetCluster:
              clusterNames:
                - pegasus-2
            weight: 1
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Exemplo RabbitMQ 

apiVersion: policy.karmada.io/v1alpha1
kind: OverridePolicy
metadata:
  name: rabbitmq-op
spec:
  resourceSelectors:
    - apiVersion: apps/v1
      kind: Deployment
      name: rabbitmq
  overrideRules:
    - targetCluster:
        clusterNames:
          - pegasus-2
      overriders:
        labelsOverrider:
          - operator: add
            value:
              env: skoala-dev
          - operator: add
            value:
              env-stat: skoala-stage
          - operator: remove
            value:
              for: for
          - operator: replace
            value:
              bar: test
    - targetCluster:
        clusterNames:
          - pegasus
      overriders:
        annotationsOverrider:
          - operator: add
            value:
              env: skoala-stage
          - operator: remove
            value:
              bom: bom
          - operator: replace
            value:
              emma: sophia
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Aqui temos algo diferente, onde os dois clusters são definidos em 'targetCluster', porém com pesos (weights) diferentes, fazendo com que o karmada entregue as réplicas de acordo com o peso de cada cluster:

apiVersion: policy.karmada.io/v1alpha1
kind: PropagationPolicy
metadata:
  name: rabbitmq-propagation
spec:
  resourceSelectors:
    - apiVersion: apps/v1
      kind: Deployment
      name: rabbitmq
  placement:
    clusterAffinity:
      clusterNames:
        - pegasus
        - pegasus-2
    replicaScheduling:
      replicaDivisionPreference: Weighted
      replicaSchedulingType: Divided
      weightPreference:
        staticWeightList:
          - targetCluster:
              clusterNames:
                - pegasus
            weight: 2
          - targetCluster:
              clusterNames:
                - pegasus-2
            weight: 1
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Remover ubuntu-admin e IRSA

Podemos deletar o pod ubuntu que usamos para setup do karmada, e também a IRSA:

kubectl delete -f ubuntu-admin-karmada.yaml
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eksctl delete iamserviceaccount --name ubuntu-admin-karmada \                         
  --namespace karmada-system \
  --cluster pegasus \
  --region us-east-2 \
  --profile default
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Para a próxima, vamos buscar um cenário total de DR com o karmada e ver até onde chegamos.

Keep shipping!

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