Arduino
- Purpose: Arduino boards are primarily used for simple and standalone projects, especially in the field of electronics and physical computing.
- Microcontroller: Arduino boards are based on microcontrollers, typically from the Atmel AVR family. These microcontrollers have lower processing power and limited capabilities compared to full-fledged microprocessors.
- Programming Language: Arduino boards are programmed using the Arduino IDE, which is based on the C/C++ programming language. It provides a simplified and beginner-friendly programming environment.
- I/O Pins: Arduino boards have a limited number of digital and analog input/output pins (e.g., Arduino Uno has 14 digital pins and 6 analog pins) for connecting sensors, actuators, and other external devices.
- Real-time Capabilities: Arduino boards have real-time capabilities and can be used for tasks that require precise timing or control, such as robotics or automation.
- Power Consumption: Arduino boards are designed to be power-efficient, making them suitable for low-power and battery-powered applications.
Feature | Arduino Uno | Arduino Nano | Arduino Mega | Arduino Due |
---|---|---|---|---|
Microcontroller | ATmega328P | ATmega328P | ATmega2560 | AT91SAM3X8E |
Operating Voltage | 5V | 5V | 5V | 3.3V |
Digital I/O Pins | 14 | 14 | 54 | 54 |
Analog Input Pins | 6 | 8 | 16 | 12 |
Flash Memory | 32KB | 32KB | 256KB | 512KB |
SRAM | 2KB | 2KB | 8KB | 96KB |
Clock Speed | 16MHz | 16MHz | 16MHz | 84MHz |
USB Interface | Yes (Type-B) | Yes (Mini USB) | Yes (Type-B) | Native USB |
Size | Standard | Compact | Large | Large |
Price | Affordable | Budget-friendly | Higher-end | Mid-range |
STM32
- Purpose: STM32 microcontrollers are commonly used in professional embedded systems and applications that require more processing power and advanced features.
- Microcontroller: STM32 microcontrollers are based on the ARM Cortex-M family of microprocessors, offering higher performance and more advanced features compared to Arduino boards.
- Programming Language: STM32 microcontrollers can be programmed using various development environments, including the STM32CubeIDE, Keil MDK, and PlatformIO. They support programming languages like C, C++, and assembly.
- I/O Pins: STM32 microcontrollers offer a wide range of digital and analog input/output pins, providing more flexibility for connecting external devices and sensors.
- Real-time Capabilities: STM32 microcontrollers often have built-in real-time operating systems (RTOS) support and advanced peripherals, making them suitable for real-time applications.
- Power Consumption: Power consumption varies depending on the specific STM32 microcontroller, but they generally offer power-saving modes and features for efficient operation.
Feature | STM32F103C8T6 | STM32F407VGT6 | STM32F429ZIT6 | STM32F030F4P6 | STM32F767ZIT6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Microcontroller | ARM Cortex-M3 | ARM Cortex-M4 | ARM Cortex-M4 | ARM Cortex-M0 | ARM Cortex-M7 |
Operating Voltage | 3.3V | 3.3V | 3.3V | 3.3V | 3.3V |
Flash Memory | 64KB | 512KB | 2MB | 16KB | 2MB |
SRAM | 20KB | 192KB | 256KB | 4KB | 512KB |
Clock Speed | 72MHz | 168MHz | 180MHz | 48MHz | 216MHz |
Digital I/O Pins | 37 | 82 | 168 | 16 | 144 |
Analog Input Pins | 10 | 16 | 24 | 7 | 24 |
USB Interface | No | Yes (Full-Speed) | Yes (High-Speed) | Yes (Full-Speed) | Yes (High-Speed) |
Size | Small | Medium | Medium/Large | Small | Large |
Price | Affordable | Mid-range | Higher-end | Affordable | Higher-end |
Raspberry
- Purpose: Raspberry Pi is a single-board computer designed for a wide range of applications, including desktop computing, IoT projects, media centers, and more.
- Processor: Raspberry Pi boards are powered by ARM-based processors, offering higher processing power and capabilities compared to microcontrollers.
- Operating System: Raspberry Pi boards run various operating systems, including Linux-based distributions like Raspbian (now called Raspberry Pi OS) and Ubuntu, as well as other specialized operating systems.
- Programming Languages: Raspberry Pi supports a wide range of programming languages, including Python, C/C++, Java, and more. It provides a full-fledged computing environment.
- I/O Pins: Raspberry Pi boards have general-purpose input/output (GPIO) pins, allowing you to interface with external devices and sensors. The number of GPIO pins varies depending on the specific Raspberry Pi model.
- Connectivity: Raspberry Pi boards offer built-in Ethernet, USB ports, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and HDMI output, enabling easy connectivity with peripherals and other devices.
- Power Consumption: Raspberry Pi boards require a stable power supply, and the power consumption varies depending on the specific model and the peripherals connected.
Model | Raspberry Pi Zero W | Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ | Raspberry Pi 4 Model B |
---|---|---|---|
Processor | ARM11 | Cortex-A53 | Cortex-A72 |
CPU Speed | 1 GHz | 1.4 GHz | 1.5 GHz |
RAM | 512MB | 1GB | 2GB, 4GB, 8GB |
Wireless | Wi-Fi, Bluetooth | Wi-Fi, Bluetooth | Wi-Fi, Bluetooth |
Ethernet | No | Yes | Yes |
USB Ports | 1 | 4 | 2 |
Video Output | Mini HDMI | HDMI | 2x Micro HDMI |
GPIO Pins | 40 | 40 | 40 |
Storage | microSD | microSD | microSD |
Power Supply | Micro USB | Micro USB | USB-C |
Dimensions | 65mm x 30mm | 85mm x 56mm x 17mm | 88mm x 58mm x 19.5mm |
Price | Affordable | Mid-range | Mid-range/Higher-end |
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