Exosome-based therapy is an emerging novel approach for myocardial infarction (MI) treatment. Exosomes are identified as extracellular vesicles that are produced within multi vesicular bodies in the cells cytosols and then are secreted from the cells. Exosomes are 30-100 nm in diameter that are released from viable cells and are different from other secreted vesicles such as apoptotic bodies and microvesicles in their origin and contents such as RNAs, proteins and nucleic acid. The recent advances in exosomes researches have demonstrated the role of these bio-nanovesicles in the physiolocal, pathological and molecular aspects of the heart. The results of In vitro and preclinical models have shown that exosmes from different cardiac cells can improve the cardiac function following MI. For example, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cardiac progenitor cells(CPCs) containing exosomes can affect proliferation, survival and differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes. Moreover, MSCs and CPCs- derived exosomes can enhance the migration of endothelial cells. Exosome-based therapy approaches augment the cardiac function by multiple means, such as reducing fibrosis, stimulation of vascular angiogenesis and proliferation of cardiomyocytes that result in replacing damaged heart tissue with newly generated functionall myocytes. This review article aims to briefly discuss the recent advancements in the role of secreted exosomes in myocardial repair, by focusing on cardiac cells- derived exosomes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The purpose of this study was to assess the learning curve (LC) for inguinal hernia repair with robotic transabdominal preperitoneal (R-TAPP) approach.
Between April 2016 and October 2019, patients who underwent R-TAPP were retrieved. Patient demographics, operative variables and postoperative outcomes were assessed. The moving average method and cumulative sum of operation times (OT) were used to evaluate the LC. HC-258 The surgeon (BB) in this study had completed his laparoscopic (Lap) TAPP experience.
There were 50 (two females) consecutive patients (mean age was 51.7 ± 16.9 years). The first phase (learning phase) included initial 35 operations. The second phase included the next 15 operations. It was observed that, with increasing experience, a statistically significant shortening in the average OT by about 25 min was achieved (p = 0.041).
The LC phase for R-TAPP, for surgeon with previous experience in Lap TAPP, seems to be very quick without compromising the operative morbidity.
The LC phase for R-TAPP, for surgeon with previous experience in Lap TAPP, seems to be very quick without compromising the operative morbidity.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a noncovalently-linked homodimer protein from the neurotrophic growth factor family. Although it is expressed throughout the brain, it is produced more intensively in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus and easily can cross the blood-brain barrier in two directions. In this study, it is aimed for the first time to understand whether there is a relationship between febrile seizure (FS) and BDNF.
The study included cases diagnosed with FS and febrile illness of similar age, weight, and height between 6 months and 6 years. Samples for serum BDNF measurement were taken within the first 24-48 hours of admission at the hospital and levels were measured using the commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and expressed in ng/mL.
A total of 80 cases (40 FS, 40 febrile illness) were included in the study. Serum BDNF was found to be mean 6.7±2.4 ng/mL in the FS and 4.5±2.6 ng/mL in the febrile illness (p=.001). No relation was found between gender, age, body weight, length and platelet counts and serum BDNF levels. The optimal cut-off value for serum BDNF was found to be 5.2 ng/mL (75% sensitivity, 62.5% specificity, AUC 0.723) to distinguish between FS and febrile illness.
Excluding demographic variables such as gender, age, weight, length and platelet counts serum BDNF levels have increased in children with FS. Considering the hippocampal origin of FS, we can suggest that the pathophysiology of FS may be related to the BDNF.
Excluding demographic variables such as gender, age, weight, length and platelet counts serum BDNF levels have increased in children with FS. Considering the hippocampal origin of FS, we can suggest that the pathophysiology of FS may be related to the BDNF.
Burn injuries are a complex and serious public health concern. Where the total body surface area of the burn exceeds 50%, mortality rates as high as 48% have been reported. While the association between gender and burn injury outcomes has been explored, findings are inconsistent.
Adult patients (>15 years) admitted between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2018 to intensive care units of burn centres that provide specialist burn care in Australia and New Zealand were included. Raw mortality rates were examined and a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to investigate the association between gender and time to in-hospital death.
There were 2227 eligible burn injury admissions. Men comprised the majority (77.6%). The proportion of women who died in hospital was greater than men and the adjusted odds of in-hospital mortality were 34% lower in men (odds ratio 0.66; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45-0.98). The unadjusted rate of in-hospital mortality for men was 44% lower than women (hazard ratio 0.56; 95% CI 0.41-0.76). After adjusting for confounders, there was no association between gender and survival time (hazard ratio 0.76; 95% CI 0.54-1.06).
After adjustment for key differences in case-mix between men and women, there was an association between gender and in-hospital mortality and no association between gender and time to death. Our findings indicate that the worse outcomes observed for women are associated with different age and patterns of injury, and provide further information to direct and inform targeted prevention measures for vulnerable populations.
After adjustment for key differences in case-mix between men and women, there was an association between gender and in-hospital mortality and no association between gender and time to death. Our findings indicate that the worse outcomes observed for women are associated with different age and patterns of injury, and provide further information to direct and inform targeted prevention measures for vulnerable populations.HC-258
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