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Git is a free and open-source distributed version control system designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency.
Git is easy to learn and has a tiny footprint with lightning-fast performance. It outclasses SCM tools like Subversion, CVS, Perforce, and ClearCase with features like cheap local branching, convenient staging areas, and multiple workflows.
Git Commands
Create repositories
When starting out with a new repository, you only need to do it once; either locally, then push to GitHub, or by cloning an existing repository.
$ git init
After using the git init command, link the local repository to an empty GitHub repository using the following command:
$ git remote add origin [url]
Turn an existing directory into a Git repository
$ git clone [url]
Clone (download) a repository that already exists on GitHub, including all of the files, branches, and commits.
Configure tooling
Configure user information for all local repositories
$ git config --global user.name "[name]"
Sets the name you want to be attached to your commit transactions
$ git config --global user.email "[email address]"
Sets the email you want to be attached to your commit transactions
$ git config --global color.ui auto
Enables helpful colorization of a command line output
The .gitignore file
Sometimes it may be a good idea to exclude files from being tracked with Git. This is typically done in a special file named .gitignore. You can find helpful templates for .gitignore files at github.com/github/gitignore.
Branches
Branches are an important part of working with Git. Any commits you to make will be made on the branch you’re currently “checked out” to. Use git status to see which branch that is.
$ git branch [branch-name]
Creates a new branch
$ git checkout [branch-name]
Switches to the specified branch and updates the working directory
$ git merge [branch]
Combines the specified branch’s history into the current branch. This is usually done in pull requests but is an important Git operation.
$ git branch -d [branch-name]
Deletes the specified branch
Make changes
Browse and inspect the evolution of project files
$ git log
Lists version history for the current branch
$ git log --follow [file]
Lists version history for a file, including renames
$ git diff [first-branch]...[second-branch]
Shows content differences between two branches
$ git show [commit]
Outputs metadata and content changes of the specified commit
$ git add [file]
Snapshots the file in preparation for versioning
$ git commit -m"[descriptive message]"
Records file snapshots permanently in the version history
Synchronize changes
Synchronize your local repository with the remote repository on GitHub.com
$ git fetch
Downloads all history from the remote-tracking branches
$ git merge
Combines remote-tracking branches into the current local branch
$ git push
Uploads all local branch commits to GitHub
$ git pull
Updates your current local working branch with all new commits from the corresponding remote branch on GitHub. git pull is a combination of git fetch and `git merge
Here is a list of highly curated Best Git Courses to learn in order to adapt to the fast-pacing IT industry;
1. Git Complete Full Course: The Definitive Guide to Git
Go from zero to hero with Git source control step-by-step with easy to understand examples. Become the next Git expert!
Course rating: 4.4 out of 5.0 ( 11,244 Ratings total)
In this course, you will :
- Learn the key concepts of the Git source control system.
- Step through the entire Git workflow.
- Compare the different states in Git and compare between branches and commits.
- Manage files with Git (move, rename, delete) and update files managed outside Git.
- Create and fork repositories on GitHub and push changes back after working after working on them locally.
- Create branches and resolve merge conflicts like a pro.
You can take Git Complete Full Course: The Definitive Guide to Git Certificate Course on Udemy.
2. Git Going Fast: One Hour Git Crash Course
Learn the key concepts and basic workflow for Git and GitHub with this easy to follow, top-rated, Bootcamp-style course!
Course rating: 4.3 out of 5.0 ( 6,392 Ratings total)
In this course, you will :
- Learn the key concepts of the Git source control system.
- Step through the entire basic Git workflow.
- Configure SSH for authentication.
- Create and use a remote repository on GitHub.
You can take Git Going Fast: One Hour Git Crash Course Certificate Course on Udemy.
3. Git a Web Developer Job: Mastering the Modern Workflow
Learn Git, GitHub, Node.js, NPM, Object-oriented JavaScript, ES6, webpack, Netlify, BEM and Job Interview Tips
Course rating: 4.8 out of 5.0 ( 5,629 Ratings total)
In this course, you will :
- Build websites using the modern skills, tools, and best practices that companies are looking for in developers.
- Write organized, well structured JavaScript and CSS that other developers can easily understand.
- Confidently apply for web developer jobs knowing you can jump into a dev team and immediately contribute to projects.
You can take, Git a Web Developer Job: Mastering the Modern Workflow Certificate Course on Udemy.
4. GitHub Ultimate: Master Git and GitHub - Beginner to Expert
Go from complete novice to expert in Git and GitHub using step-by-step, no-assumptions learning
Course rating: 4.4 out of 5.0 ( 4,939 Ratings total)
In this course, you will :
- Learn the key concepts of the Git source control system.
- Step through the entire Git workflow.
- Compare the different states in Git.
- Manage files inside and outside the control of Git and GitHub.
- Create and manage repositories on GitHub.
- Create branches and resolve conflicts with confidence.
- Save work in progress with Stashes.
- Mark special events with Tags and Releases.
- Even a bit of time travel within Git repositories and on GitHub.
- Perform many of the same local Git operations directly on GitHub.
- Join other GitHub projects by Forking and contribute back using Pull Requests.
- Review and Accept Pull Requests from Others.
- Share code with Gists.
- Manage project defects or enhancement requests with GitHub Issues.
- Group related repositories together with GitHub Organizations.
You can take GitHub Ultimate: Master Git and GitHub - Beginner to Expert Certificate Course on Udemy.
5. Learn Git with Sourcetree, Fast (Plus Bitbucket)
Git up to speed quickly with crucial technologies that will enhance your everyday workflow.
Course rating: 4.4 out of 5.0 ( 2,581 Ratings total)
In this course, you will :
- Integrate Git in your daily projects.
- Work for any solid or start-up company and feel comfortable using Git commands on the companies project(s).
- Execute basic commands in the command line (Terminal for Mac Users, and Git Bash for Windows Users).
You can take Learn Git with Sourcetree, Fast (Plus Bitbucket) Certificate Course on Udemy.
Glad to see, that you have made it till the end. If this article added some value to your learning or if you liked it then like, upvote and share it in your network. In case you want to explore more, you can take the Free GIT Courses.
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