In the early days of the internet, you needed a server to store data. But nowadays, through LocalStorage, you can store data on browsers and applications without communicating with a back-end server.
In this article, you will learn about the theoretical and practical applications of LocalStorage in JavaScript.
Let's talk about web storage
Before we hop into the real deal, let's look at the definition of web storage. Web storage is one of the great features of HTML5 that allows web applications to store data locally within a user's browser.
The two most common forms of web storage are LocalStorage and Session Storage. The key difference between these two forms of web storage is that data saved in LocalStorage
never leaves the browser and remains there until you explicitly remove it. In contrast, data stored in Session Storage
is removed once a browser tab/window is closed.
What is Local Storage?
As mentioned earlier, LocalStorage is a form of web storage provided by the browser that allows web applications to store data locally within a user's browser with no expiration date. Here, stored data will remain available even when you close a browser tab/window.
Note that the data stored in LocalStorage is only preserved on a user's browser on the device they used to access a site. Hence, users cannot access the stored data if they revisit the same site later with a different browser or on another device.
LocalStorage Use Cases
The following presents some everyday use cases of LocalStorage.
1. Store Partially Submitted Form Data
If a user fills out a long form online, LocalStorage can be a helpful resource for storing user inputs. In that case, even if the internet gets disconnected between filling out the form and submitting it, users won't lose their inputs and can continue from where they left off.
2. Caching
Caching refers to storing data such as login details on a user's device so that future requests for that data can be served faster. You can use LocalStorage to cache a whole website so that users can still have access to the site even when they are offline.
3. Database for basic applications
As mentioned earlier, data storage was initially only possible by communicating with a database through the backend. But now, with LocalStorage, you can store data on the frontend without needing a database. Hence LocalStorage can sometimes serve as a "little" database for basic applications.
How to Access LocalStorage
Accessing LocalStorage is pretty simple and takes only a few steps:
- Go to any website or web application and open the browser console by pressing F12 on the keyboard.
- Next, click on the Application tab, and in the menu on the left, you will see
LocalStorage
under the Storage tab as shown below.
- Click on the
LocalStorage
dropdown and further click on a/the dropdown item.
As can be seen, there are two columns, key
, and value
. This is where LocalStorage stores every data you save to it.
How to Use Local Storage
You can use following methods to manage data in LocalStorage.
Method | Description |
---|---|
setItem() |
To store data in LocalStorage. |
getItem() |
To get or retrieve the data from LocalStorage |
removeItem() |
To delete data from LocalStorage using a key |
key() |
To retrieve data from LocalStorage at a specified index |
setItem( )
This method is used to store data in LocalStorage. It accepts a key as its first argument and then a value as the second argument.
Let's add data to LocalStorage
using the following.
localStorage.setItem("name", "Mandy");
// Here, `name` is the key and `Mandy` is the value
As mentioned earlier, LocalStorage stores data as strings, so if you want to save data such as objects and arrays, you need to convert them to strings using the JSON.stringify()
method.
Let's see how this works!
//Storing objects in LocalStorage
const user = {
name: "Mandy",
age: 23,
};
localStorage.setItem("user-info", JSON.stringify(user));
//Storing arrays/lists in LocalStorage
const names = ["John", "Jake", "Vanessa"];
localStorage.setItem("names", JSON.stringify(names));
getItem()
Use the getItem()
method to retrieve data from LocalStorage. This method accepts a single parameter, which is the key
used when saving data.
For example, to retrieve data such as the above user
object, you will use the following statement:
localStorage.getItem("user-info");
The above code will return a JSON
string as shown below:
"{name:"Mandy", age:"23"}"
You should then convert it to an object using the JSON.parse()
method.
JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('user-info'));
removeItem()
Use the removeItem()
method to remove data from LocalStorage. This method accepts a key
as a parameter.
For example, you will use the following statement to delete the user
object from LocalStorage.
localStorage.removeItem("user-info");
key()
Use key(index)
method to retrieve data from LocalStorage, where index
represents the nth
data you want to retrieve.
localStorage.key(2);
clear()
Use the clear()
method to clear out or remove all data from LocalStorage at a particular instance.
localStorage.clear()
Project
Now that you've learnt about the main methods used to manage data in LocalStorage, let’s get our hands dirty by creating a web application where users can:
- Save data to LocalStorage
- Retrieve the data
- Remove/Delete the data using a
key
- And also clear out all data from LocalStorage.
Let's start by creating a new folder and open it in a code editor. Next, create three files, index.html
, style.css
and main.js
.
Let’s Code!
The index.html
file will contain the HTML markup for the web application. The HTML code comprises a form having various input fields with buttons.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
<title>Local Storage</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
</head>
<body>
<div id="form">
<form id="userForm">
<h1>LocalStorage Application</h1>
<label for="userName">User</label>
<input
type="text"
id="userName"
placeholder="Enter user name"
required
autofocus
/><br />
<label for="age">Age</label>
<input
type="number"
id="age"
placeholder="Enter user age"
required
/><br />
<label for="key">Key</label>
<input type="text" id="key" placeholder="Enter key" required /><br />
<button type="submit">Save user</button>
</form>
<br />
<label for="key">Enter Key to retrieve user</label>
<input
type="text"
id="retrieveKey"
placeholder="Enter key to access user"
required
/><br />
<button id="retrieveButton">Retrieve user</button>
<br />
<div id="userData"></div>
<br />
<label for="removeKey">Enter Key to delete user</label>
<input
type="text"
id="removeKey"
placeholder="removeKey"
required
/><br />
<button id="removeButton">Delete user</button>
<br />
<button id="clearButton">Delete all users</button>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="main.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
Here's the CSS code.
/* base styles */
html {
font-size: 67.5%;
}
body {
font-size: 1.6rem;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
/* form */
#form {
margin-left: 2rem;
}
Here’s the main.js
file containing all the functions to store, retrieve, and delete data from LocalStorage.
//store user data in the localStorage
function store() {
var userName = document.getElementById("userName").value;
var age = document.getElementById("age").value;
var key = document.getElementById("key").value;
const user = {
userName,
age,
};
//convert user object to string and save it
localStorage.setItem(key, JSON.stringify(user));
}
//retrieve user data from localStorage
function retrieveUserData() {
let key = document.getElementById("retrieveKey").value;
console.log("retrive records");
let userData = localStorage.getItem(key); //searches for the key in localStorage
let paragraph = document.createElement("p");
let info = document.createTextNode(userData);
paragraph.appendChild(info);
let element = document.getElementById("userData");
element.appendChild(paragraph);
retrieveKey.value = "";
}
//delete user data from localStorage
function removeUserData() {
var removeKey = document.getElementById("removeKey").value;
localStorage.removeItem(removeKey);
removeKey.value = "";
}
//delete all user data from localStorage
function deleteAllUserData() {
localStorage.clear();
}
//ensures the page is fully loaded before functions can be executed.
window.onload = function () {
document.getElementById("userForm").onsubmit = store;
document.getElementById("clearButton").onclick = deleteAllUserData;
document.getElementById("removeButton").onclick = removeUserData;
document.getElementById("retrieveButton").onclick = retrieveUserData;
};
Results
The following video shows how the final result of the project works:
Some Essential Points About LocalStorage
- Local storage has no data protection and it is therefore not secure to store sensitive data as they can be accessed by anyone.
- Local storage can only store a maximum of 5MB of data on the browser.
Conclusion
I encourage you to practice and experiment with LocalStorage by using it in your applications. Get used to saving, retrieving, and removing data from it.
Thanks for reading!
I hope this has been a worthwhile read. Kindly share this article and follow me on Twitter @dboatengx for updates on future posts.
Cheers!
Top comments (14)
I use local storage for the site search page for my personal website to cache the search index. My site is a static website hosted on GitHub Pages. So without a backend, and without using some 3rd party service, search is run entirely in browser. Obviously can't feasibly do this for a very large site. But index for my site is just under 800 KB.
When using local storage for caching, you do need some mechanism to know when to use cached version and when to make a fresh request.
RepoLink, please 😃
The GitHub repo is: github.com/cicirello/cicirello.git...
The site itself is at: cicirello.org/
Good article! Very thorough.
Local Storage is super useful when you are in that intermediate sort of middle with learning and making projects. Maybe you need to save some data but perhaps you aren't trying to learn a database yet. Or maybe some simple prototyping. As long as you use it knowing its not secure and that eventually you'll have to give up the training wheels and head for a more robust data store I see it as a nice solution.
Сongratulations 🥳! Your article hit the top posts for the week - dev.to/fruntend/top-10-posts-for-f...
Keep it up 🫰
We use localStorage and its "storage" eventListener to share data from one tab to another.
Thank you
Thank you for sharing this!
Thank you
Thats a super explanation.
Hello, I love your article. Can I reprint and translate your article? I will include a link to the article.
Hey, that's not a problem.
was looking for something like this!!! thanks man!