How to Deploy a Secure Video Conference Server in 4 GIF Steps
Jitsi Meet is a secured, fully featured, and completely free video conferencing.
Jitsi isn't just for video conferencing. It also has room chat, virtual hand raise, screen sharing and streaming a YouTube video. Using your own Jitsi server, you don't have to be tied down to any free public servers, which may laggy or not available 24/7, or to be dependent on premium servers, which may be expensive. And if you're a serious user, you can create a scalable, optimized video conferencing server, or even a frontend graphical user interface to wrap around your server.
Introduction
TL;DR
In this article, you'll create a new DigitalOcean account using a free credit link. Then, you will clone a GitHub repository, and use Terraform code to initialize, plan and apply resources to your account, using a preconfigured image from DigitalOcean and your custom domain name. Finally, you will access your account remotely via SSH and execute two scripts to configure both your video conference server and Let's Encrypt SSL to enable HTTPS.
Prerequisites
Custom domain name. The article How to Change DNS for a Domain walks you through changing DNS for your domain name.
DigitalOcean account. The tutorial How to Create a Personal Access Token walks you through creating a DigitalOcean access token.
SSH Keygen. Requires a Windows Subsystem for Linux or macOS.
Terraform. The installation Install Terraform walks you through installing and configuring your Terraform program.
Step 1 - Clone GitHub Repository
Free Credit
You can signup a DigitalOcean ["DO"] account with up to $100 credit here, which should last you up to 2 months, as unused credit expires after 60 days.
After using up the free credits in one DO account, you can then re-signup for a another DO account using the same link above. However, these are some limitations:
(1) Your credit card details is required for each DO account (but you will not be charged until the credits are used up).
(2) You will need to redeploy all your dockerized web apps, and reroute all your links to new DO IP addresses.
(3) You will need to use a new email address for each DO account.
You can use an anonymous email forwarding app, such as AnonAddy.com, to create unlimited email aliases.
Clone Repository
Clone this repository to your folder myproject :
$ git clone https://github.com/dennislwm/terraform-jitsi-ssl myproject
Step 2 - Generate a SSH Key
You can create an SSH key with either OpenSSH, which is included in on Windows Subsystem for Linux ["WSL"] and macOS.
(1) Open a Command Prompt or Terminal window and enter the following command:
> ssh-keygen
(2) Enter file in which to save the key. For example, c:\users\denbrige.ssh\id_rsa_do1
When prompted to enter a paraphrase, just press the Enter key for an empty paraphrase.
(3) Open the config file using Notepad:
> notepad c:\users\denbrige\.ssh\config
(4) Append the following line in the file:
IdentityFile c:\users\denbrige\.ssh\id_rsa_do1
The SSH checks each ssh key within the config file when attempting to establish an SSH connection.
Step 3 - Terraform Initialize, Plan and Apply
Configuration
(a) In the root folder, edit the variables.tf file and change the default values for:
strSshPath - path to local SSH folder, e.g. "c:\users\dennislwm.ssh\"
strSshId - name of local SSH public_key .pub file, e.g. "id_rsa.pub"
strRootPath - path to this project root folder, e.g. "c:\users\dennislwm\terraform-jitsi-ssl\"
strDoDomain - name of custom domain, e.g. "markit.work"
(b) Create a terraform.tfvars file and add the following (replace the "token" with your DigitalOcean API access token string):
strDoToken = "token"
Warning: Keep your terraform.tfvars file (add to .gitignore) a secret to prevent unauthorized access to your DigitalOcean account.
Execution
Terraform has commands to deploy resources in a very simple way. This consists of three steps:
Init
Plan
Apply
(1) In the tf folder, initialize Terraform nested modules by typing the following command:
$ terraform init
Note: You must execute the init command after each nested module changes.
(2) Create Terraform plan by typing the following comand:
$ terraform plan
(3) Execute Terraform plan by typing the following command:
$ terraform apply
Warning: Before typing 'yes', ensure ALL resources Terraform will create and DESTROY are correct.
Step 4 - Access Your Droplet Console
This article How to Change DNS for a Domain walks you through changing DNS for your domain name.
Warning: If you do not change the DNS, you will NOT be able to configure Jitsi in the next step.
Preconfigured Scripts
The preconfigured image has scripts to configure Jitsi in a very straightforward way. This consists of two steps:
Configure Jitsi Server
Configure Let's Encrypt SSL
Login to your DigitalOcean account and access the console for your droplet via SSH.
(1) Configure Jitsi server by typing the following:
$ ./01_videoconf.sh
The menu will ask you to type a domain name, which you added to your project above. Enter exactly the same, eg. markit.work.
When prompted, select the menu option to "Generate a Self-Signed Certificate", unles you want to import your own certificate.
Warning: If you enter an IP address instead, you will NOT be able to configure HTTPS in the next step.
(2) Configure Let's Encrypt SSL to enable HTTPS by running the following:
$ ./02_https.sh
The script will ask you for an E-mail, which will be used to notify you when it's time to renew the certificates to maintain your website with a secure connection.
Congratulations! You have successfully deployed and configured your secure video conferencing server.
To test your new server, open a web browser and navigate to your domain via HTTPS, e.g. https://markit.work
Understand Terraform Project and Resources
Project Structure
Your project folder should look like this:
terraform-jitsi-ssl/ <-- Root of your project
|- package.json <-- Node.js project entries
|- README.md <-- This README markdown file
+- bin/ <-- Holds any executable files
|- mkswap.sh <-- Creates a swapfile in a Bash terminal for production
+- tf/ <-- Terraform root folder
|- main.tf <-- Main TF file (required)
|- variables.tf <-- Default variables declaration file for root
|- outputs.tf <-- Default outputs declaration file for root
|- terraform.tfvars <-- Secret variables declaration file for tokens (.gitignore)
+- modules/ <-- Nested modules
+- jitsi/ <-- Holds any TF files for Jitsi
|- jitsi.tf <-- Resources TF file
|- variables.tf <-- Overrides inputs of variables.tf file in root
|- outputs.tf <-- Returns outputs in module to main.tf file in root
Resources
Let's take a peek at how Terraform resources work, in particular the main.tf and jitsi.tf files.
Terraform requires a main.tf file, in the root folder, that accesses global variables and global return values in variables.tf and outputs.tf files, respectively.
The primary function of main.tf file is to contain all global resources, such as provider digitalocean and resource digitalocean_ssh_key.
The secondary function of main.tf file is to import all modules and their return values, such as module jitsi.
For example, this is the source code for importing a module:
module jitsi {
//
// Use relative path to root folder
source = "./modules/jitsi/"
//
// Use default variables.tf in root folder
// Override variables.tf file in modules folder (exclude from main)
// strDoProject
// strDoImage
// strDoSize
//
objSshKey = [digitalocean_ssh_key.objSshKey.fingerprint]
strSshPath = var.strSshPath
strSshPte = var.strSshPte
strRootPath = var.strRootPath
strDoRegion = var.strDoRegion
}
Modules
Each module contains resources for a droplet, e.g. jitsi , which has a separate folder, under the modules folder.
Terraform requires a resource file, such as jitsi.tf, in the modules folder, that access module variables and module return values in variables.tf and outputs.tf files, respectively.
The modules folder structure, which consists of THREE (3) TF files, is similar to the root folder structure. However, the modules declaration override any global declaration in the root folder.
The primary function of jitsi.tf is to contain all local resources, such as resource digitalocean_droplet , resource digitalocean_domain , etc. It also inherits any global resources from main.tf, such as provider digitalocean.
The secondary function of jitsi.tf is to contain any provisions, which are non-state objects, such as provisioner remote-exec , file , etc. These are specific tasks that depends on the resources deployed.
Variables
Terraform loads variables in the following order, with later sources taking precedence over earlier ones:
Environment variables
The terraform.tfvars or terraform.tfvars.json files, if present.
Any *.auto.tfvars or *.auto.tfvars.json files, processed in lexical order of their filenames.
Any -var and -var-file options on the command line, in the order they are provided. (This includes variables set by a Terraform Cloud workspace.)
There is no mention of *.tf files, this is because variables declared in *.tf files are concatenated into a single entity before being processed by terraform. Hence this declaration have highest precedence.
Any variables or return values declared within the local module files will override the global variables declared in the main folder.
As an analogy to writing code, this is similar to a function's local variables overriding the global variables declared in its parent function.
However, unlike code, the local variables.tf file must declare all the global variables even if there is no overriden values. For example:
In the root folder, the variables.tf file contains:
variable strDoRegion {
default = "sgp1"
description = "Region for droplet (override in modules)"
}
variable strDoSize {
default = "s-1vcpu-1gb"
description = "Size for droplet (override in modules)"
}
The global variables strDoRegion and strDoSize contain the default values "sgp1" and "s-1vcpu-1gb", respectively.
In the modules folder, the variables tf file contains:
variable strDoRegion {
description = "Region for droplet (use default in root)"
}
variable strDoSize {
default = "c-4"
description = "Size for droplet (override in modules)"
}
The local variable strDoRegion is declared, but its default value is not set (inherits from global), while the local variable strDoSize is overridden by setting default to "c-4".
In practice, it is recommended to set ALL default values in the main variables.tf file, even if you intend to override these values in the modules variables.tf file.
Outputs
The modules outputs.tf file consists of return values from a remote server, e.g. an IP address.
Any local return values can be accessed from both the jitsi.tf and the main.tf files. For example:
In the modules folder, the outputs.tf file contains:
output "server_ip" {
value = digitalocean_droplet.objJitsi.ipv4_address
}
The local return value server_ip contains the ipv4_address from the module jitsi resource.
In order to access the local return value above from the main.tf file, you must declare it in the main outputs.tf file.
In the root folder, the outputs.tf file contains:
output "server_ip_jitsi" {
value = module.jitsi.server_ip
}
The global return value server_ip_jitsi is declared, and the value is set to the local return value server_ip.
Conclusion
In this article, you have succesfully achieved:
clone a GitHub repository
generate a SSH key
execute Terraform Init, Plan and Apply to deploy resources
access your droplet console and execute scripts via SSH
Get the Source Code
You can download the above source code from GitHub repository terraform-jitsi-ssl.
What To Do Next
You can further explore Jitsi in several meaningful ways:
Read Jitsi Documentation - This helps you to have a deeper knowledge of Jitsi server.
Read Jitsi Projects - This helps you explore a collection of projects within Jitsi ecosystem.
Read Jitsi Blog - This helps you find relevant information about Jitsi features.
Participate in Jitsi Community - This helps you to have a meaningful discussion online with other users of Jitsi.
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