Introduction

Code comments are invaluable annotations that enhance code readability, facilitate collaboration, and aid in maintenance. In Python, comments play a crucial role in conveying intent, documenting functionality, and explaining complex algorithms. This chapter delves into the art of writing effective comments in Python, covering inline comments, single-line comments, and multi-line comments.

Topics

• Inline comments: Enhancing code clarity
• Single-line comments: Concise explanations
• Multi-line comments: Structured documentation

Inline Comments: Enhancing Code Clarity

Inline comments are succinct annotations placed within a line of code to clarify its purpose or functionality. They provide immediate context to readers, aiding in comprehension and maintenance.

# Calculate the area of a circle
radius = 5
area = 3.14 * radius ** 2  # Formula: πr^2
print("Area of the circle:", area)

Output:

Area of the circle: 78.5

Single-line Comments: Concise Explanations

Single-line comments, denoted by the # symbol, are used to provide brief explanations or annotations for a single line of code. They are ideal for documenting variable assignments, function calls, or expressions.

# Initialise variables
x = 10
y = 20
# Perform addition
result = x + y  # Add x and y
print("Result:", result)

Output:

Result: 30

Multi-line Comments: Structured Documentation

Although Python lacks native support for multi-line comments, docstrings serve as a viable alternative for documenting modules, classes, functions, and methods. Docstrings are enclosed within triple quotes (''' or """) and are accessible via the __doc__ attribute.

def fibonacci(n: int) -> int:
    """Compute the nth Fibonacci number.

    Args:
        n (int): The index of the Fibonacci number to compute.

    Returns:
        int: The nth Fibonacci number.
    """
    if n <= 1:
        return n
    else:
        return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2)


# Display the documentation for the fibonacci function
print(fibonacci.__doc__)

Output:

Compute the nth Fibonacci number.

    Args:
        n (int): The index of the Fibonacci number to compute.

    Returns:
        int: The nth Fibonacci number.

Conclusion

In Python, code comments serve as indispensable aids for understanding, maintaining, and collaborating on codebases. Whether through inline comments, single-line comments, or multi-line docstrings, the judicious use of comments elevates code quality and fosters a culture of clarity and collaboration.