Fantasy is the realm of imagination, magic, and dreaming about endless possibilities, even the seemingly or truly impossible. It allows us not just to question "what would it be if...", but actively express and create possible worlds, even if they do not make sense in reality. Sure, giant reptiles cannot fly and spit fire: there is no muscle mass and energy source that would allow that; but what if they did?
Programming is a fantastic activity, even if we lose sight of that aspect. It creates reasoning -- a spiritual thing -- from sand and metal; that is something not even the most audacious magicians and alchemists could dream. It is no joke when Sussman compares sorcery and computation, which harnesses the demon in the machine to produce magic results.
"You, the Spirit of Earth, are nearer:
Already, I feel my power is greater,
Already, I glow, as with fresh wine.
I feel the courage to engage the world,
Into the pain and joy of Earth be hurled
And though the storm wind is unfurled,
Fearless, in the shipwreck’s teeth, be whirled."
Faust conjures the Earth Spirit, Goethe, pt. I, sc. I
Fantasy-oriented programming is not a paradigm. Rather, it is an ethos, a reflective understanding of ourselves as programmers. By contemplating the abstract, philosophical, and almost mystic aspects of programming, we allow ourselves to feel awe -- a double affection of being at the same time terrified and fascinated by greatness -- in face of the vast universe of possibilities offered by computation by machines.
Art and science: identity and difference
There is in programming a tension between science and art, which is common to all human activity.
By science, I mean the work of the human mind, the abstraction of real entities into symbolic representations, and the logical operations of the intellect on these symbols. Think geometry, computer algorithms, musical composition.
By art, I mean the work of the human hand, the hypostasis of spiritual entities into real substance by transforming the physical matter. Think building a house, manufacturing computer hardware, playing the guitar.
Programming has these two contradictory aspects at once, coexisting in a harmony. They cannot exist one without the other. We cannot compute equations without giving instructions to the processor, which transforms them into the physical reality of electrical pulses; conversely, it is in the symbolic representation of these physical realities that we find meaning through equations.
The pragmatic ethos
There is a pragmatic approach to programming that is akin to the work of the artist. The Artist does not care about the alignment of doors and windows to the stars and constellations; he does not need to understand the principles of trigonometry in order to build walls and a roof. He has built many houses, and knows how it is done, by experience.
The spirit of the Artist lives in the pragmatic programmer. His job is not to make systems that correctly implement mathematical equations; he does not care about the abstraction of types and sets into categories; the word monad to him is a distraction, nothing more.
The scientific ethos
Similarly, there is a scientific approach to programming. The Philosopher spends his days pondering questions his kindred, the Artist, rejects, marveling at how objects in the world can be represented in a language of mathematical symbols, and how even these symbols can be expressed by even more abstract representations.
The virtue of balance
There is a reason why the book "The Pragmatic Programmer" is considered a classic in this field. Pragmatism is a major virtue in programming. As developers, our job is not to prove mathematical theorems, but to create systems that are useful, that add value to the lives of users, whether in daily work, study or leisure.
Pragmatism is also a major asset in the professional career of a programmer. As a Philosophy major, I have often heard people say: "that is so fascinating; but what do you do with it, for a job?". This is a legitimate concern. Companies are not concerned with understanding the mysteries of the universe and the human experience, but rather with developing, launching and selling products. So, what matters is the skills and tools you can effectively use. For example, if you're a marketer, it does not matter whether you have any insights about communication in abstract, but only whether you can communicate the advantages of a product over the competition in 50 words or less. The same goes for programming.
If no employer is ever going to ask us "how to express computation with lambda calculus", or for a comprehensive intuition about monads, what is the purpose of learning these things? Rather than spending time and mental energy with that, is it not more beneficial to apply these resources to learn something practical like how to operate the Amazon cloud or build apps with Flutter?
"More useful", yes, definitely. But I would argue that there is a virtue in harnessing the philosophical spirit, even to the most pragmatic programmer. It challenges us to unravel an arcane knowledge through the power of spirit; it reveals to us that the universe is wider than our comprehension, and that our practical action of constructing things using tools is the expression of timeless principles; it shows us that there are people out there who have attained higher wisdom, which beckons us to keep moving forward.
I remember the first time I watched a class about Haskell. The explanation of how we can represent complex logical and mathematical operations with the simple notation of lambda calculus is something I will never forget. I felt like the young Artie listening to Merlin, fascinated by the wizard's wisdom and his wonderful tales of the achievements of art and science.
That fascination, which fuels passion and curiosity, is the source of my belief in the virtue of contemplating the philosophical aspects of computer science. That is fantasy-oriented programming.
In summary, there is nothing I can say that Byron has not said better, in these words:
"I love not Man the less, but Nature more,
From these our interviews, in which I steal
From all I may be, or have been before,
To mingle with the Universe, and feel
What I can ne'er express, yet cannot all conceal."
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