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Francesco Vetere
Francesco Vetere

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The CSS property you didn't know you needed πŸ‘ˆ

Hi folks! πŸ‘‹ Today I wanna talk about a CSS feature that, in my opinion, doesn't get too much attention... but it should! I'm talking about the isolation property! πŸͺ„

➑️ It basically provides more control over how elements interact with the rest of the document, and it is often an elegant solution for z-index issues.

Let's start with a practical example. I've built this simple card:

Card without quotation mark

The HTML for it is pretty straightforward, and it looks something like this:

<article class="card">
  <header class="card__header">
    <img class="card__avatar" src="..." alt="..." />
    <span class="card__name">Daniel Clifford</span>
    <span class="card__role">Verified Graduate</span>
  </header>

  <p class="card__summary">I received ...</p>

  <p class="card__description">I was an EMT ...</p>
</article>
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Some styles have been applied too, in order to set up colors, typography and layout. However, we can completely ignore them as they will not play any role in what we are going to do now.

Now, let's say that we want to add a quotation mark image to the top-right corner of the card, as a little decorative element. Something like this:

Card with quotation mark

πŸ€” How can we achieve that?

πŸ’‘ We could treat the quotation mark image as a pseudo-element, and use position: absolute to place it over the card! Let's give it a try πŸ’ͺ

.card {
  /* We want the .card element to be the containing block for its children .card::before */
  position: relative;
}

.card::before {
  /* This is a pseudo-element, so we need to give it a content by definition */
  content: "";

  /* We position our image over the card, with a little offset from the right */
  position: absolute;
  right: 2em;

  /* We define a size for our image */
  width: 150px;
  aspect-ratio: 1; /* This makes sure that the image is a square */

  /* We bring in our image through a background-image */
  background-image: url(https://raw.githubusercontent.com/francescovetere/testimonial-grid-section/main/images/bg-pattern-quotation.svg);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-size: contain; /* This makes sure that the background actually fills all the available space (150px x 150px) */
}
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This is the result we get:

Card with quotation mark

It looks good, except for one little issue: we want to push this image behind the text!

Here's where our z-index comes into play. A little z-index: -1 should do the trick, right? Well... not exactly πŸ˜•

Card with quotation mark

😱 It... disappeared?!

Well, if you think about it, that makes perfect sense: every element, by default, gets a z-index: 0. So, it's like saying that each element on the page lives on the very same layer, by default.

When we declare a z-index: -1 on our pseudo-element, we are actually pushing it under the defaut layer!

πŸ€” How can we solve this?

Ideally, we would like to have a local, scoped z-index: when I say that I want my pseudo-element to have a z-index: -1, what I really mean is: "go behind everything, but NOT behind the card itself!"

βœ… This concept is actually built-in into CSS, and it's called stacking context!

A stacking context basically is defined by an element, that acts as the root for its children's z-index declarations. In particular, the children can never escape behind their stacking context, no matter how low their z-index are.

By default, a plain HTML document will have a single stacking context, and every element refers to it. That's why, when we assigned z-index: -1 to our pseudo-element, it was pushed all the way back: there was only one, global stacking context!

πŸ’‘ BUT, of course, we can also create new stacking contexts on arbitrary elements!

There are a number of ways we can create a new stacking context on an element. Some of them are:

  • Assigning a transform to it;
  • Assigning a filter to it;
  • Assigning an opacity to it;
  • ...

You can find the full list of properties here.

All these methods have one, big issue: they also come with side-effects! 😒

Yes, they create a stacking context, which is what we want, but they also do something else, which maybe we don't necessarily want!
I mean, why should I be forced to apply an opacity to an element in order to create a stacking context, even if I didn't want to apply any opacity at all in the first place?

πŸͺ„ Luckily, there's an easy solution, and it's called isolation!

isolation is a special property whose sole and unique purpose is to create a new stacking context on the element it is applied to, with no other side-effects. πŸ˜„

It accepts two values, auto and isolate. Of course, isolate is what we want.

βœ… So, that's it! The final solution to this problem reveals to be extremely simple:

.card {
  position: relative;
  isolation: isolate;
}
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Here's the result with all the code, if you want to mess around with it! ☺️


And that's all! Feel free to leave a comment and let me know if you already knew about this awesome property! πŸ˜‰

Till next time! πŸ‘‹

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Top comments (24)

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jeremyfarrance profile image
Jeremy Farrance

I agree, I didn't know I needed that and I do! That was almost better than rediscovering Drivers Seat (by Sniff n the Tears) yesterday. This was very well written and I really appreciate the explanation and details!

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francescovetere profile image
Francesco Vetere

Thank you so much for your kind words! πŸ˜„

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artxe2 profile image
Yeom suyun

Can this be utilized for GPU acceleration?

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francescovetere profile image
Francesco Vetere • Edited

From my understanding, whether or not a property will determine some kind of GPU acceleration, depends on a variety of factors, including the browser, the OS, the available hardware, etc...

However, there are some properties that can "encourage" this acceleration: some of them are transform, will-change, filter, ... I'm not sure about isolation, as I don't find anything about it on the web. However, if you want to dig more into it, I found these articles which explains these concepts really well:

smashingmagazine.com/2016/12/gpu-a...

stackoverflow.com/questions/263567...

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farzaadweb profile image
Farzad Farzanehnya

Absolutely fantastic! Your tip is greatly appreciated. Thank you so much!

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francescovetere profile image
Francesco Vetere

Thanks! Happy you liked it πŸ˜‰

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best_codes profile image
Best Codes

This will solve a lot of my problems. Thanks!

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francescovetere profile image
Francesco Vetere

Glad it helped! ☺️

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sreno77 profile image
Scott Reno

Awesome post

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francescovetere profile image
Francesco Vetere

Thank you so much! ☺️

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chriscoyier profile image
Chris Coyier

If anyone like learning via video I remember a Kevin Powell video that uses the "large quote" example as well:

twitter.com/kevinjpowell/status/15...

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nwarwick profile image
Nicholas Warwick

Nice, thanks for sharing Francesco!

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francescovetere profile image
Francesco Vetere

Thank you! Glad you liked it ☺️

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dedodev profile image
Daniele

Amazing tip, I never heard about this property.
I learned something new in my Frontend study journey.
Thanks for sharing with us ✌️

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merkrynis profile image
Julien Bouvet • Edited

Easy yet so powerful. Thanks for this great tip !

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francescovetere profile image
Francesco Vetere

I agree! Pretty easy concept, but also really handy once you know it exists! Thanks for stepping by πŸ˜‰

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livepurposefully profile image
Luli Hashimoto

This was a helpful read, I am sure it will be of use soon! It was fun to learn about a solution that’s so simple and doesn’t create undesired side-effects.
Thank you for sharing!

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francescovetere profile image
Francesco Vetere

So glad it helped! Yeah, it's really powerful and I really wanted to share this with the community to help as many people as possible 😊 Thanks for stepping by!