Frugence Fidel

Posted on Jun 24, 2018 • Edited on Jul 15, 2022

JavaScript forEach 10 JavaScript array methods you should know

#beginners #javascript #webdev

This post is originally published to my blog.

In this post i will share 10 JavaScript array methods you should know.

If you know nothing about array, you can click here for array introduction.

Here are 10 javascript array methods you should at least know

1. forEach()

This method can help you to loop over array's items.

  const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];

  arr.forEach(item => {
    console.log(item); // output: 1 2 3 4 5 6
  });

2. includes()

This method check if array includes the item passed in the method.

  const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];

  arr.includes(2); // output: true
  arr.includes(7); // output: false

3. filter()

This method create new array with only elements passed condition inside the provided function.

  const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];

  // item(s) greater than 3
  const filtered = arr.filter(num => num > 3);
  console.log(filtered); // output: [4, 5, 6]

  console.log(arr); // output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

4. map()

This method create new array by calling the provided function in every element.

  const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];

  // add one to every element
  const oneAdded = arr.map(num => num + 1);
  console.log(oneAdded); // output [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]

  console.log(arr); // output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

5. reduce()

The reduce() method applies a function against an accumulator and each element in the array (from left to right) to reduce it to a single value - MDN

  const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];

  const sum = arr.reduce((total, value) => total + value, 0);
  console.log(sum); // 21

6. some()

This method check if at least one of array's item passed the condition. If passed, it return 'true' otherwise 'false'.

  const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];

  // at least one element is greater than 4?
  const largeNum = arr.some(num => num > 4);
  console.log(largeNum); // output: true

  // at least one element is less than or equal to 0?
  const smallNum = arr.some(num => num <= 0);
  console.log(smallNum); // output: false

7. every()

This method check if all array's item passed the condition. If passed, it return 'true' otherwise 'false'.

  const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];

  // all elements are greater than 4
  const greaterFour = arr.every(num => num > 4);
  console.log(greaterFour); // output: false

  // all elements are less than 10
  const lessTen = arr.every(num => num < 10);
  console.log(lessTen); // output: true

8. sort()

This method used to arrange/sort array's item either ascending or descending order.

  const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];
  const alpha = ['e', 'a', 'c', 'u', 'y'];

  // sort in descending order
  descOrder = arr.sort((a, b) => a > b ? -1 : 1);
  console.log(descOrder); // output: [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]

  // sort in ascending order
  ascOrder = alpha.sort((a, b) => a > b ? 1 : -1);
  console.log(ascOrder); // output: ['a', 'c', 'e', 'u', 'y']

9. Array.from()

This change all thing that are array-like or iterable into true array especially when working with DOM, so that you can use other array methods like reduce, map, filter and so on.

  const name = 'frugence';
  const nameArray = Array.from(name);

  console.log(name); // output: frugence
  console.log(nameArray); // output: ['f', 'r', 'u', 'g', 'e', 'n', 'c', 'e']

working with DOM

  // I assume that you have created unorder list of items in our html file.

  const lis = document.querySelectorAll('li');
  const lisArray = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('li'));

  // is true array?
  console.log(Array.isArray(lis)); // output: false
  console.log(Array.isArray(lisArray));  // output: true

10. Array.of()

This create array from every arguments passed into it.

  const nums = Array.of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6);
  console.log(nums); // output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

Top comments (34)

Thiru • Jun 25 '18

Thanks for the article Frugence! 👍

I would like to use [...] SpreadOperator a shorthand alternate to Array.from()

const lisArray = [... document.querySelectorAll('li')];

I wonder is there any major difference between these 2 ways?

Frugence Fidel • Jun 25 '18

Take a look here friend, Array.from() vs spread syntax

Daniel Tonon • Sep 15 '18 • Edited

Based on that, the answer is essentially "no, they are practically the same" for most use cases.

For some edge cases they do have differences. In those specific edge cases Array.from() is the better one to use.

Thiru • Jun 26 '18

Thanks for the reference friend. 👍

Frugence Fidel • Jun 26 '18

You are welcome friend

Nans Dumortier • Jun 25 '18

Hey! Thanks for your article 😃
I knew most of them, except the last one. By the way, I was wondering : in which case :
const nums = Array.of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6);
is better than :
const nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];
?

Wouter Lievens • Jun 28 '18 • Edited

It's the same, but one is a function whereas the other is a syntactical form. You could have a situation where you pass it as a parameter or in a variable, i.e.

f = Array.of ... a = f(1,2,3)

Angel Daniel Munoz Gonzalez • Jun 25 '18 • Edited

I think it's more likely to compare it to the array constructor. According to MDN

The difference between Array.of() and the Array constructor is in the handling of integer arguments: Array.of(7) creates an array with a single element, 7, whereas Array(7) creates an empty array with a length property of 7 (Note: this implies an array of 7 empty slots, not slots with actual undefined values).

I didn't know this method either!

Nans Dumortier • Jun 25 '18

Thanks, I didn't know about that !

Warix3 • Jun 27 '18

He asked about [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] and not Array(7), is it the same?

Angel Daniel Munoz Gonzalez • Jun 27 '18

it is essentially the same, I just pointed out what is a better comparison case with quote from the mdn docs

Martin Häusler • Jun 25 '18

Does anybody else think that Array#includes(...) is a failure in naming? Every other core library I can think of right now (Java, C#, Kotlin...) calls it #contains(...). Except for JavaScript. I stumble upon that every time I need it, I have to look it up.

Patrick Connors • Jun 27 '18

You can thank MooTools for that: github.com/tc39/Array.prototype.in...

This proposal was formerly for Array.prototype.contains, but that name [is not web-compatible](https://esdiscuss.org/topic/having-a-non-enumerable-array-prototype-contains-may-not-be-web-compatible). Per the November 2014 TC39 meeting, the name of both String.prototype.contains and Array.prototype.contains was changed to includes to dodge that bullet.

Martin Häusler • Jun 28 '18

... and every programmer ever since (who did not start out with JS as their first language) bites that very bullet that they were trying to dodge. Just because of one library? Hahaha, made my day, this is so very web-like.

Tommy Long • Nov 23 '18

My personal tip is learn .reduce as soon as possible. It intimidated me for a long time and I used .forEach a lot. Once you get reduce you'll suddenly realise how powerful and straight-forward it is and basically never use .forEach again

Elliot Derhay • Nov 23 '18 • Edited

Isn't reduce mainly for working with current values and a total value? How would that take the place of something like .forEach() entirely?

Granted, I do think I have a use case for it, but I don't yet see the need for replacing something like .forEach() or .map() entirely.

Tommy Long • Nov 23 '18

My main use case for using .forEach before discovering .reduce was because I wanted to transform one object into a new object with a different shape. I'd create an empty object and then .forEach the original object's Object.entities/keys to add properties to the empty object, whereas this is more concise by simply using a .reduce

Andre Greeff • Jun 28 '18 • Edited

There's one critical point of .sort() that I feel you should mention in the article: the .sort() method sorts an array in place, it does not return a sorted copy of the array...

Basically, if you do the following:

const myThings = [5,2,4,3,6,1];
const sortedThings = myThings.sort();

..then both variables will contain the same thing:

myThings; // [1,2,3,4,5,6]
sortedThings; // [1,2,3,4,5,6]
myThings === sortedThings; // true

With this in mind, your example could be simplified to the following:

const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];
const alpha = ['e', 'a', 'c', 'u', 'y'];

// sort in descending order
arr.sort((a, b) => a > b ? -1 : 1);
console.log(arr); // output: [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]

// sort in ascending order
alpha.sort((a, b) => a > b ? 1 : -1);
console.log(alpha); // output: ['a', 'c', 'e', 'u', 'y']

Michael Roberts • Jun 25 '18

Hi Frugence. Is it possible to also outline which ones are supported by ES5 browsers etc.

Philip Karlsson • Jun 25 '18

MDNs documentation covers every array.prototype method, and which browsers that supports which methods:

developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/W...

Frugence Fidel • Jun 25 '18

Hi buddy, try this caniuse.com

Daan Wilmer • Jun 28 '18

Your explanation for sort is incomplete. First of all, you don't have to provide a comparison function - although the array is then sorted by text value ascending. ['bob', 'alice', 'barbara'] gets sorted as expected, [3, 4, 21 100] does not (it becomes [100, 21, 3, 4]).

More importantly, though: the comparison function is expected to return 0 (zero) when the two elements are equal. Although the used sorting algorithm can probably deal without this, it's still better to return 0 to conform to the spec. It might even speed up the code in certain specific cases.

Elliot Derhay • Dec 6 '18 • Edited

Thanks for mentioning performance, though I avoid for loops for stuff like this now after too many times having the loop somehow end up using only the last value in the array for all iterations.