Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) have gained significant attention in the blockchain space for their ability to facilitate decentralized decision-making and governance. Algorand, a blockchain platform known for its speed and security, offers a powerful environment for creating smart contracts, including DAOs. In this article, we'll walk through a sample DAO smart contract written in PyTeal, the smart contract language for Algorand. We'll explain each part of the contract and how it works.
Step 1: Declare Variables and Initialize the Application
In this first section, we declare the necessary variables and initialize the application state.
from beaker import *
from pyteal import *
from beaker.lib.storage import BoxMapping
Define a data structure for a proposal
class proposalStruct(abi.NamedTuple):
description: abi.Field[abi.String]
vote_yes: abi.Field[abi.Uint64]
vote_no: abi.Field[abi.Uint64]
status: abi.Field[abi.String]
Define the smart contract's application state
class AppStateValue:
memberCount = GlobalStateValue(
stack_type=TealType.uint64,
default=Int(0),
descr="Number Member of DAO",
)
proposalCount = GlobalStateValue(
stack_type=TealType.uint64,
default=Int(0),
descr="Number of Proposals"
)
memberDAO = LocalStateValue(
stack_type=TealType.uint64,
default=Int(0),
descr="Member DAO or not",
)
check_voted = ReservedLocalStateValue(
stack_type=TealType.uint64,
max_keys=8,
descr=("Check if a user voted in a proposal"),
)
proposals = BoxMapping(abi.Uint64, proposalStruct)
Create an Algorand application called "Simple DAO" with the defined state
app = (
Application("Simple DAO", state=AppStateValue())
.apply(unconditional_create_approval, initialize_global_state=True)
.apply(unconditional_opt_in_approval, initialize_local_state=True)
)
- We declare a data structure
proposalStructto represent a proposal, which includes a description, vote counts (yes and no), and a status field. - The
AppStateValueclass defines the global and local state variables required for the DAO. It includes the number of members, the number of proposals, member status, a reserved local state value to check if a user voted, and a mapping to store proposals. - We create an Algorand application named "Simple DAO" with the defined state.
Step 2: Join and Leave the DAO
Next, we define functions for joining and leaving the DAO.
Check member DAO status
@app.external
def check_member_dao(*, output: abi.Uint64) -> Expr:
return output.set(app.state.memberDAO[Txn.sender()])
Join the DAO
@app.external
def join_dao() -> Expr:
return Seq(
app.state.memberDAO[Txn.sender()].set(Int(1)),
app.state.memberCount.increment(),
)
Leave the DAO
@app.external
def leave_dao() -> Expr:
return Seq(
app.state.memberDAO[Txn.sender()].set(Int(0)),
app.state.memberCount.decrement(),
)
-
check_member_dao: This function checks if the sender is a member of the DAO. If they are, it sets the output to1; otherwise, it sets it to0. -
join_dao: This function allows a user to join the DAO. It sets their DAO membership status to1and increments the member count. -
leave_dao: This function lets a user leave the DAO. It sets their DAO membership status to0and decrements the member count.
Step 3: Create Proposals
We define a function to create proposals in the DAO.
Create Proposal
@app.external
def create_proposal(descr: abi.String, *, output: proposalStruct) -> Expr:
proposal_tuple = proposalStruct()
proposalId = abi.Uint64()
vote_yes = abi.Uint64()
vote_no = abi.Uint64()
status = abi.String()
return Seq(
vote_yes.set(Int(0)),
vote_no.set(Int(0)),
status.set("In Progress"),
proposal_tuple.set(descr, vote_yes, vote_no, status),
proposalId.set(app.state.proposalCount.get()),
app.state.proposals[proposalId].set(proposal_tuple),
app.state.proposalCount.increment(),
app.state.proposals[proposalId].store_into(output),
)
- The
create_proposalfunction allows a user to create a new proposal. It initializes vote counts, sets the status to "In Progress," and stores the proposal in the contract's state. The proposal's details and status are stored in theoutputvariable.
Step 4: Check and End Proposals
We define functions to check the status of proposals and end proposals when certain conditions are met.
Check Proposal
@app.external
def check_proposal(proposalId: abi.Uint64, *, output: proposalStruct) -> Expr:
return app.state.proposals[proposalId].store_into(output)
End Proposal when total vote > 1/2 member Count
@app.external
def end_proposal(proposalId: abi.Uint64, *, output: abi.String) -> Expr:
proposal = proposalStruct()
description = abi.String()
vote_yes = abi.Uint64()
vote_no = abi.Uint64()
status = abi.String()
new_status = abi.String()
total_dao_member = app.state.memberCount.get()
app.state.proposals[proposalId].store_into(proposal)
description.set(proposal.description)
vote_yes.set(proposal.vote_yes)
vote_no.set(proposal.vote_no)
status.set(proposal.status)
if status != "In Progress":
return output.set("Proposal Ended")
if 2 * (vote_yes + vote_no) < total_dao_member:
return output.set("Not enough votes")
if vote_yes < vote_no:
return Seq(
output.set("Proposal failed"),
new_status.set("Proposal failed"),
proposal.set(description, vote_yes, vote_no, new_status),
app.state.proposals[proposalId].set(proposal),
)
return Seq(
output.set("Proposal succeeded"),
new_status.set("Proposal succeeded"),
proposal.set(description, vote_yes, vote_no, new_status),
app.state.proposals[proposalId].set(proposal),
)
-
check_proposal: This function allows users to check the details of a specific proposal. -
end_proposal: Users can end a proposal using this function if it has received enough votes. The function checks the vote counts and the total number of DAO members to determine if a proposal passes or fails.
Step 5: Check Voted and Vote on Proposals
We define functions to check if a user has voted and to cast votes on proposals.
@app.external
def check_voted(proposalId: abi.Uint64, *, output: abi.Uint64) -> Expr:
return output.set(app.state.check_voted[proposalId])
Vote Function
@app.external
def vote(proposalId: abi.Uint64, vote_choice: abi.Uint8, *, output: abi.String) -> Expr:
proposal = proposalStruct()
description = abi.String()
vote_yes = abi.Uint64()
vote_no = abi.Uint64()
status = abi.String()
return Seq(
proposal.decode(app.state.proposals[proposalId].get()),
description.set(proposal.description),
status.set(proposal.status),
vote_yes.set(proposal.vote_yes),
vote_no.set(proposal.vote_no),
If(vote_choice.get() == Int(1))
.Then(
vote_yes.set(vote_yes.get() + Int(1)),
)
.Else(
vote_no.set(vote_no.get() + Int(1)),
),
proposal.set(description, vote_yes, vote_no, status),
app.state.proposals[proposalId].set(proposal),
output.set("Vote Successfully"),
)
-
check_voted: This function allows users to check if they have already voted on a specific proposal. -
vote: Users can cast their votes on proposals using this function. It increments the vote counts accordingly and updates the proposal's status.
Now, you have a complete step-by-step guide to building and interacting with the DAO smart contract on Algorand. You can opt-in to the contract, join the DAO, create and vote on proposals, check the status of proposals, and more, based on your use case.
Next
- Check only users who have joined the DAO can create proposals and vote.
- Check that users can only vote once.
- How to deploy and interact with dAppflow.
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