Run Windows 10 on ARM64 in QEMU on Apple Silicon Mac

#apple #mac #windows10 #qemu

Running Windows 10 on ARM

Install Xcode from App Store or install Command Line Tools on your Mac running on Apple Silicon.
```
xcode-select --install
```
Install MacPorts and QEMU dependencies.

https://www.macports.org/install.php
```
sudo port install ninja pkgconfig glib2 libpixman
```

Clone QEMU source code.

git clone https://git.qemu.org/git/qemu.git

Create a local branch then apply Hypervisor.framework patches that @_AlexGraf made.

cd qemu
git checkout master -b wip/hvf
curl 'https://patchwork.kernel.org/series/400619/mbox/'|git am

Build QEMU

Before building, please ensure there are no x86_64 tools enabled, such the one installed by Homebrew, by rewriting PATH or PKG_CONFIG_PATH.
```
mkdir build
cd build
../configure --target-list=aarch64-softmmu --enable-cocoa
make -j
```
Download pre-build EDK II OVMF EFI image for QEMU.

This EFI image is built from stable202011 tag with additional resolutions in QemuRamfb.c.

https://gist.github.com/niw/4f1f9bb572f40d406866f23b3127919b/raw/f546faea68f4149c06cca88fa67ace07a3758268/QEMU_EFI-cb438b9-edk2-stable202011-with-extra-resolutions.tar.gz

To build it from the source code for adding more resolutions, see the following section.

Prepare pflash for non-volatile variable store, such as screen resolution.

In the directory where you downloaded QEMU_EFI-....tar.gz, run following commands.

cd ~/Downloads
tar xzvf QEMU_EFI-*.tar.gz
dd if=/dev/zero of=pflash0.img bs=1m count=64
dd if=/dev/zero of=pflash1.img bs=1m count=64
dd if=QEMU_EFI.fd of=pflash0.img conv=notrunc
dd if=QEMU_VARS.fd of=pflash1.img conv=notrunc

- This step is optional, you can use `-bios ~/Downloads/QEMU_EFI.fd` instead of `-drive ...if=pflash` lines in the next step,
  but in that case, any changes in EFI will not be persistent.

Download Windows 10 on ARM Insider Preview

https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/software-download/windowsinsiderpreviewARM64
Convert VHDX downloaded Windows image to qcow2 format

It seems that VHDX often gets broken while it is being used, so probably it is better to convert it to qcow2 format before using it.
```
qemu-img convert -p -O qcow2 ~/Downloads/Windows10_InsiderPreview_Client_ARM64_en-us_20231.VHDX ~/Downloads/Windows10_InsiderPreview_Client_ARM64_en-us_20231.qcow2
```

Run Windows 10

./qemu-system-aarch64 \
  -monitor stdio \
  -M virt,highmem=off \
  -accel hvf \
  -cpu cortex-a72 \
  -smp 4 \
  -m 4096 \
  -drive file=~/Downloads/pflash0.img,format=raw,if=pflash,readonly=on \
  -drive file=~/Downloads/pflash1.img,format=raw,if=pflash \
  -device ramfb \
  -device qemu-xhci \
  -device usb-kbd \
  -device usb-tablet \
  -device intel-hda \
  -device hda-duplex \
  -drive file=~/Downloads/Windows10_InsiderPreview_Client_ARM64_en-us_20231.qcow2,format=qcow2,if=none,id=boot,cache=writethrough \
  -device nvme,drive=boot,serial=boot

- Please modify each path to the image depends on your environment.


Hit ESC while you see TianoCore, then Device Manager, OVMF Platform Configuration, Change Preferred Resolution for Next Boot to change screen resolution.
To add more resolutions, follow "Build EDK II OVMF EFI image from the source code" below and modify OvmfPkg/QemuRamfbDxe/QemuRamfb.c then build new QEMU_EFI.fd.
Use -device usb-tablet instead of -device usb-mouse allows transparently moving mouse cursor.

-device intel-hda -device hda-duplex to enable audio.

-nic user,model=virtio is the network interface. To enable it, see the following section.

Enable the internet

VirtIO NIC is not enabled by default. To make it works, you need to

device driver.

Download VirtIO device drivers ISO from Fedora Project.

https://fedorapeople.org/groups/virt/virtio-win/direct-downloads/archive-virtio/virtio-win-0.1.190-1/virtio-win-0.1.190.iso
Mount device drivers ISO

Add next options to qemu-system-aarch64.
```
-drive file=~/Downloads/virtio-win-0.1.190.iso,media=cdrom,if=none,id=drivers \
-device usb-storage,drive=drivers
```
Please modify each path to the image depends on your environment.
Disable device driver signature enforcement

Boot Windows, then right click Windows Start button, then select Command Prompt (Admin).

Use bcdedit to enable test-signed device drivers.
```
bcdedit.exe -set TESTSIGNING ON
```
Then reboot Windows.

See here for the details.
Install driver

Once Windows booted again, then right click Windows Start button, then select Device Manager.

In Device Manager, select View menu then Devices by Connection.

Navigate in the device tree, select ACPU ARM64-based PC, Microsoft ACPI-Compliant System, PCI Express Root Complex, then you will see one Unknown device there.
(There are many Unknown device in tree but the one under PCI Express Root Complex is the VirtIO NIC.)

Right click Unknown device then select Update Drivers, then Browse my computer for drivers, then select D:\NetKVM\w10\ARM64.

Click Next to install Red Hat VertIO Ethernet Adapter.