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Vim macro is a powerful feature that allows you to record sequence of keys on the fly. Knowing how to use macros effectively allows you to automate typing, saving you time in the long run (plus it looks cool đ).
This is an intro to Vim macros. I will cover the very basic to more advanced use of vim macros. Don't feel like you have to master every single techniques listed. Take your time practicing them. After reading this article, I hope you can get started recording your own macros!
Intro
Basic syntax of Vim macros:
q{your letter}{series of commands}q
You can then execute the macro with
@{your letter}
For example, if you have strings
hello
Vim
macros
And you want to capitalize each strings. While you are on hello's h, and type:
qq0gU$q
You have just recorded your first macro!
Btw, you technically capitalize everything by doing gUg
, I am doing it to show how macro works.
Now if you go to next line (to "Vim" line) and run @q
, watch it capitalize "Vim" automatically. You can repeat @q
on the next line.
Let me break it down the key sequences:
-
qq
-> start recording macro (:h q
for more information) at q (or any letter you want) register -
0
-> go to beginning of line -
gU
-> operator to capitalize -
$
-> motion to go to the end of the line. gU$ means capitalize to the end of line -
q
-> end recording macro
PROTIP: use mnemonics to help remember macros if you have multiple macros. If you have a macro that focuses on modifying function use f register (qf), n (qn) for macros dealing with numbers, etc. The point is, name it with whatever FIRST THING that came up to your mind when you think of that macro. Also personally, my default macro letter is q, because qq
doesn't require much brain power to use.
Basic macros
Let's do more examples!
one 1
two 2
three 3
// more
We want to make
one: '1',
two: '2',
three: '3',
// ... and so on
Here is how we can do it:
Cursor on one's "o", record the following macros:
qqea:<esc>wysiw"A,<esc>0jq
Let's break it down:
-
qq
-> record macro on q register -
ea:<esc>
-> go to end of word (e), insert mode after cursor (a), inserts:
, go back to normal mode (<esc>
) -
w
-> jump one word -
ysiw"
-> Using vim-surround, add"
around a word (ysiw) -
A,<esc>
-> insert mode at the end of line (A), insert,
, back to normal mode -
0j
-> back to start of line (0), go down one row (j) -
q
-> end record
To execute the macro, just run
@q
Repeating macros
Macros are repeatable, here's how you can do it:
{number}@{your letter}
So to execute our macro above earlier 99 times,
99@q
Viewing macros
You can view existing macros with:
:registers
//or
:reg
or individually with:
:registers {your letter}
// or
:reg {your letter}
Macros are saved inside Vim registers - the same register where you copy paste vim (if you need a refresher on Vim register, you can check this out!)
PROTIP2: to paste register q's value, we can do it by: first, go to insert mode then, press <Ctrl-r><Ctrl-r>q
Edit existing macros
So you finished recording a macro and realized you made a mistake, you can edit it instead of re-recording it.
Let's say you have a macro that inserts a }
at the end of line:
qqA}<esc>q
Later you realize you need to add ;
after }
. Instead of rerecording qqA};<esc>q
, let's learn how to edit it:
"qp
- adds
;
after}
- still on that line: first go to the beginning of line (0), then yank the rest of line to q register (
"qY
) - Now when you run
@q
, it will append};
.
Another way to edit your macros is from Command mode (:
)
:let @{register}='
- get the content of that register
<Ctrl-r><Ctrl-r>{register}
, this will paste the content of that register - edit that register
- Close the quote:
'
5<Enter>
I find this method useful for editing short macros đ.
Recursive macros
You can run a macro recursively to execute it multiple times.
Suppose we have:
lib1
lib2
...
libN
And we want to end up with:
{lib1: hello},
{lib2: hello},
{lib3: hello},
...
{libN: hello},
We can do it with regular macros and execute it N times (N@q
), but why do that if we can do it in just a single execution with recursive macro?
Here's how you can do it. Cursor on lib1's l:
-
qqq
- clear up q register -
qq ysiw{ ea: <SPACE> hello <ESC> A, <ESC> 0 j @q q
(I space them into groups for readability) @q
Let me break down the second line:
-
qq
-> record macro on q register -
ysiw{
-> vim-surround: add { } around a word -
ea:<SPACE>hello<ESC>
-> go to end of word, insert mode, add: hello
, then back to normal mode -
A,
-> go to end of line, add,
-
0j
-> go to beginning of line, go down -
@q
-> execute q macro -
q
-> end recording
Now the recursion occurs when we execute q macro @q
WHILE we are recording in q
register. It is important to clear up q register before recording it (qqq).
We've reached the end. It takes a lot of practice to get comfortable with Vim macros. My two cents: don't be discouraged, you can do this. I also struggled tremendously when starting out. Detect any opportunity to use macros and use them; the more you do it, the comfortable and faster it gets.
That's all for now. Thank you for reading this far, I really appreciate it. Until next time! đ
Top comments (8)
I would like to be able to insert a increasing number, so that:
Becomes:
Iâve only been able to do it in Sublime text with the Text Pastery plugin. Anyone know how to do it in vim?
Vlastimil got it covered.
Alternatively, there are other ways I would do to approach it. One is:
This allows you to insert column of numbers. First do that, THEN insert the
#
s after. You can do multiple insert with:C-v
,I
<Esc>
Another alternative is to have #'s and 0's first:
Using
C-v
, highlight ALL 0's only. Theng C-a
to increment them.Hope it helps!
Thanks. Iâve been looking for this type of stuff. Iâm Using Onivim2 entirely except for this one item that I need fairly often. There are so many ways to skin a cat! Iâve been trying to get a multiple cursor solution, but I canât get them to work. These work great.
You're welcome. That's why I like modal editor like Vim. You can get the same thing done in many ways depending on the user.
Btw, on the side note, I never heard of Onivim2 before. onivim.io/ - looks interesting đ€. I've never heard of it before until you mentioned it. How did you find out about it and what do you think about it?
I was looking for a vim graphical program because my MacVim kept crashing. I came across Onivim, the original one, and loved it. But, it kept crashing also due to changes in neovim. I then started to just use neovim in the terminal all the time (thatâs when I found kitty, a better terminal). But, I kept up with development of Onivim. When Onivim 2 started in public alpha, I jump right on it and have been loving it.
But, Iâm an editor collector. Iâve used Emacs (in evil mode using the Doom config), Vi, Vim, Sublime Text, Atom (crashes a lot), Visual Code, skEdit, Syntra, CotEdit, Lite, and MacVim (the latest version isnât crashing as much).
Thanks. Iâve been looking for this type of stuff. Iâm Using Onivim2 entirely except for this one item that I need fairly often.
:let c=0 | g/#\zs/ let c+=1 | s//\=" " . c