To crop a raster file according to a shapefile
gdalwarp -overwrite -s_srs EPSG:32649 -q -cutline shapefile.shp -of GTiff raw.tiff crop.tiff
To merge several bands into a raster file
gdal_merge.py -o target.tiff -of GTiff -ps 10 10 -separate B1.tiff B2.tiff B3.tiff
Here 10 10 means 10 meters in the x-axis and 10 meters in the y-axis. If -ps is not specified, the spatial resolution of the first raster file will be considered to be the target resolution.
To merge several files spatially
gdal_merge.py -o target.tiff -of GTiff TL.tiff BL.tiff TR.tiff BR.tiff
To resample a raster file
gdal_translate -outsize 50 50 raw.jp2 target.jp2
Here 50 50 means 50% in x-axis, and 50% in y-axis.
Appendix: Install GDAL for Python on Ubuntu
# Install gdal library
sudo apt-get install -y gdal-bin libgdal-dev
# gdal-bin is not necessary, but you will definitely need it to run the CLI commands above
# Export include path
export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/include/gdal
export C_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/include/gdal
# Install the exact version of Python package
gdal-config --version | xargs -0 -I {} pip install gdal=={}
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