BOSHQA DATA TYPEGA AYLANTIRISH
Bu mavzuda birinchi turdagi ma'lumot turidan(data typedan) boshqa ma'lumot turiga o'tishni ya'ni casting qilishni o'rganamiz.
Castingni quyidagi ma'lumot turlari orasida qo'llash mumkin:
int => float
float => int
Butun sonni kasr songa aylantirishda muammo yo'q, ammo kasr sonni butun songa aylantirishda nuqtadan keyingi qismi yaxlitlanmaydi shunchaki chopib yuboriladi.
Eslatib o'tamiz float ma'lumot turi kasr sonlar uchun, int esa butun sonlar uchun ishlatiladi!!!
Davom etishdan oldin casting qilishnig ikki sil usuli bor ekanligi va ularni aytib o'tsak:
- O'zgaruvchini o'zgaruzchiga tenglash, masalan int turidagi son o'zgaruvchisini float turidagi kasrson o'zgaruvchisiga tenglasak, quyidagi ko'rinishda bo'ladi.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int son = 10;
float kasrson = son;
return 0;
}
natija:
son = 10;
kasrson = 10.0;
- O'zgaruvchi oldidan o'sha casting qilinishi (o'tkazilishi) kerak bo'lgan ma'lumot turi yoziladi, masalan quyidagicha:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int son = 10;
cout << son << endl;
cout << float(son) << endl;
return 0;
}
natija quyidagicha:
10 //son = 10
10 // float = 10.0
Aytgancha char => int yani, int va char ma'lumot turlari ham casting qilinish hususiyatiga ega.
int => char
Eslatma:barcha char ma'lumot turidan int ga o'tsa bo'ladi, ammo int ma'lumot turining ko'pligi sababli charga o'tadigan intlar soni cheklangan.
Masalan:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int son = 65;
char belgi = son;
cout << son << endl;
cout << belgi << endl;
return 0;
}
natija:
65 // son = 65
A // belgi = 'A'
Agar siz char ma'lumot turidan int ma'lumot turiga yoki aksincha intdan charga casting qilmoqchi bo'lsangiz albatta ASCI table sizga zarur!!!
Dec Char Dec Char Dec Char Dec Char
--------- --------- --------- ----------
0 NUL (null) 32 SPACE 64 @ 96 `
1 SOH (start of heading) 33 ! 65 A 97 a
2 STX (start of text) 34 " 66 B 98 b
3 ETX (end of text) 35 # 67 C 99 c
4 EOT (end of transmission) 36 $ 68 D 100 d
5 ENQ (enquiry) 37 % 69 E 101 e
6 ACK (acknowledge) 38 & 70 F 102 f
7 BEL (bell) 39 ' 71 G 103 g
8 BS (backspace) 40 ( 72 H 104 h
9 TAB (horizontal tab) 41 ) 73 I 105 i
10 LF (NL line feed, new line) 42 * 74 J 106 j
11 VT (vertical tab) 43 + 75 K 107 k
12 FF (NP form feed, new page) 44 , 76 L 108 l
13 CR (carriage return) 45 - 77 M 109 m
14 SO (shift out) 46 . 78 N 110 n
15 SI (shift in) 47 / 79 O 111 o
16 DLE (data link escape) 48 0 80 P 112 p
17 DC1 (device control 1) 49 1 81 Q 113 q
18 DC2 (device control 2) 50 2 82 R 114 r
19 DC3 (device control 3) 51 3 83 S 115 s
20 DC4 (device control 4) 52 4 84 T 116 t
21 NAK (negative acknowledge) 53 5 85 U 117 u
22 SYN (synchronous idle) 54 6 86 V 118 v
23 ETB (end of trans. block) 55 7 87 W 119 w
24 CAN (cancel) 56 8 88 X 120 x
25 EM (end of medium) 57 9 89 Y 121 y
26 SUB (substitute) 58 : 90 Z 122 z
27 ESC (escape) 59 ; 91 [ 123 {
28 FS (file separator) 60 < 92 \ 124 |
29 GS (group separator) 61 = 93 ] 125 }
30 RS (record separator) 62 > 94 ^ 126 ~
31 US (unit separator) 63 ? 95 _ 127 DEL
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