Did you know that before you authenticate to your wireless network, it's using the same security mechanisms as open Wi-Fi?
With TLS, it's fairly well known how (most) cipher suites implement the Diffie-Hellman exchange to provide reasonably effective forward secrecy. ECC Diffie-Hellman has largely superseded RSA, but the underlying reason for implementation remains the same - until you establish an encrypted session, confidentiality does not exist. The ultimate solution would be out-of-band exchanged pads, but that is technically infeasible. There will always be a compromise with sacrificial cipher exchanges to achieve forward secrecy.
This is a really helpful video that visually describes the Diffie-Hellman Exchange:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YEBfamv-_do
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