Terminal , Shell, CLI : Your first 20 commands;

A terminal is a program that runs a shell and allows us to enter commands. Examples of terminal emulators include: Command prompt, guake, gnome-terminal, terminator etc. Any wrapper program that runs a shell interpreter is a terminal.

The shell is a command-line interpreter. The shell is the program that actually processes commands and outputs results some examples of shells are: Bash, fish, zsh, ksh, sh, tsch, Power Shell, pwsh cmd, yori, 4dos, command.com.

A command-line interface(CLI) is any type of interface that is used to enter (textual) commands. One of these is the terminal, but some programs have their own command-line interfaces.

We connect with computers in a variety of ways, including utilizing a keyboard and mouse, touchscreen interfaces, and speech recognition systems. A graphical user interface is a most often utilized method of interacting with personal computers (GUI). We deliver instructions with a GUI by clicking a mouse and using menu-driven interactions. This way of delivering instructions to a computer in certain cases and for certain repetitive performs poorly, so we can take advantage of the Unix shell. The Unix shell is both a command-line interface (CLI) and a scripting language that can execute repetitive tasks automatically and quickly with the proper commands.

Here are a some commands and what they do; options are in parenthesis

1. $ whoami

It returns your username.

2. $ ls

list the contents of the current directory(ls –F, ls -help, man ls)

3. $ pwd
present working directory

4. $ cd
Change direct eg cd Desktop moves user to desktop directory

5. $ mkdir
mkdir [path] creates a new directory.
Eg. mkdir web

6. $ nano
A text editor eg to make a text list.txt use the command nano list.txt Depending on the type of work you do, you may need a more powerful text editor than Nano.

7. $touch
Used to create files touch list2.txt

8. $ rm
rm [path] removes (deletes) a file.
Eg. rm list2.txt (rm -r remove directory and all it contents)
The shell does not have a trash bin: once something is deleted, it’s really gone.

9. $ mv
mv [old] [new] moves or renames a file or directory.
Eg. mv list.txt buy.txt

10. $ cp
Copy file cp [old] [new] copies a file.
eg cp list.txt fish.txt

11. Wild cards

• matches zero or more characters in a filename, so *.txt matches all files ending in .txt. Eg ls *.txt

? matches any single character in a filename, so ?.txt matches a.txt but not any.txt.
Eg ls list?.txt

12. $ wc
Word counts command: it counts the number of lines, words, and characters in files

eg wc list.txt

13. $ cat
it prints the contents of files one after another.
eg cat list.txt

14. $ sort

command to sort the contents of a file (sort -n for numbers)
Eg sort lists

15. $ echo
The echo command prints text
Eg echo hello

16. $ echo hello > list.txt
command > [file] redirects a command’s output to a file (overwriting any existing content).

17. $ echo hello >> list.txt
command >> [file] appends a command’s output to a file.

18. $ head
head displays the first 10 lines of its input.
Eg head -n 3 animals.csv > animals-subset.csv

19. $ tail
displays the last 10 lines of its input.
Eg tail -n 3 animals.csv > animals-subset.csv

20. $ [first] | [second]
pipeline: the output of the first command is used as the input to the second.

where can i learn more about shell?

learn more about shell