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Omar Elwakeel
Omar Elwakeel

Posted on • Updated on

How to make realtime APIs with NodeJS and ReactJS using Socket.io

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We all love design patterns, and we all wonder when it's best to use them, I'm going to use one of them to apply one business case that you might stumble upon in work. The pattern I'm talking about is "Publisher Subscriber".

Today I'm going to make a realtime API that updates all the connected clients to it whenever and actions takes place on the db, so a super admin user using a dashboard can instantly know if other admins have signed in or out without refreshing the page every couple of seconds, other case is instantly knowing that an order is received on the platform you are working on.

This tutorial, I'm going to use:

  • NodeJS with Express for server side logic
  • ReactJS to build a simple client app
  • Socket.io for realtime connection between both sides

To follow along, you can write the code step by step as I'll cover most of it, or you can clone the two repos:

First lets setup our server we start by initializing the folder structure

npm init -y
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then we add the packages we use, in this tutorial I'm going to use ES6 syntax in the backend so we need babel to bundle our code, beside some other libraries we will use later on.

npm add nodemon dotenv  babel-loader 
@babel/preset-env @babel/node @babel/core -D
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these are devDependencies, that's why we use -D flag because we dont need them for more than development.

1.nodemon for hot running
2.dotenv for .env configuration
3.babel stuff for bundling

now for the heavy lifters

npm add express mongoose socket.io
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1.express to setup our server
2.mongoose to connect to our mongodb
3.socket.io the one responsible for the realtime connection

now that was a bit boring, let's write some Javascript

index.js

import express from 'express'
import dotenv from 'dotenv'

dotenv.config()

const app = express()


app.get('/', (req,res)=>{
   res.send('Hello')
})

const PORT = process.env.PORT || 5000;

app.listen(PORT, () => {
  console.log(`Server up and running on port ${PORT}`);
})
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before running this code you have to setup some configuration

.env

PORT=5000
MONGO_DB_URL=mongodb://localhost:27017
MONGO_DB_DBNAME=store
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.babelrc

{
  "presets": [
    "@babel/preset-env"
  ]
}
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package.json

....
  "scripts": {
    "start": "babel-node index.js",
    "dev": "nodemon --exec babel-node index.js"
  },
....
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now when you type npm run dev, you will find the server up and running and if you type in your browser http://localhost:5000 you will get the following:

Alt Text

now let's make three folders and adjust our code as follows:

Alt Text

then for better environment variables handling
config/variables.js

import dotenv from 'dotenv'
dotenv.config()

const DB_URL = `${process.env.MONGO_DB_URL}/${process.env.MONGO_DB_DBNAME}`;
const PORT = process.env.PORT;

export {
  DB_URL,
  PORT
}
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initialize and connect to database
config/db.js

import {DB_URL} from '../config/variables'

mongoose.connect(DB_URL, {
  useNewUrlParser:true,
  useUnifiedTopology:true
}, () => {
  console.log(DB_URL);
  console.log(`DB up and running`);
})
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order model
models/order.js

import mongoose, {Schema} from 'mongoose'

const schema = new Schema({
  customer:{
    type:String,
    required:true
  },
  price:{
    type:Number,
    required:true
  },
  address:{
    type:String,
    required:true
  }
}, {
  timestamps:true
}) 

const Order = mongoose.model('order', schema)

export default Order;
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order controller
controllers/order.js

import express from 'express'
import Order from '../models/order'
import {io} from '../index' 

const router = express.Router()

router.get('/', async (req, res) => {
  try {
    const orders = await Order.find()
    res.send(orders)
  } catch (error) {
    res.send(error)
  }
})

router.post('/', async (req, res) => {
  try {
    const order = new Order(req.body)
    await order.save()
    res.status(201).send(order)
  } catch (error) {
    res.send(error)
  }
})

export default router
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now the important part
index.js

import express from 'express'
import {PORT} from './config/variables'
import cors from 'cors'
import http from 'http'
// import { Server } from 'socket.io';
import socketIO from 'socket.io';
// import './config/sockets'
import './config/db'

import orderRouter from './controllers/order'

const app = express()
const server = http.createServer(app)
const io = socketIO(server, {
  transports:['polling'],
  cors:{
    cors: {
      origin: "http://localhost:3000"
    }
  }
})

io.on('connection', (socket) => {
  console.log('A user is connected');

  socket.on('message', (message) => {
    console.log(`message from ${socket.id} : ${message}`);
  })

  socket.on('disconnect', () => {
    console.log(`socket ${socket.id} disconnected`);
  })
})

export {io};


app.use(express.json())
app.use(cors())
app.use('/orders', orderRouter)

app.get('/', (req,res) => {
  res.send('Hello')
})

server.listen(PORT, () => {
  console.log(`Server up and running on port ${PORT}`);
})
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let me explain what happened here

the way we configure the server will differ when using socket.io because it deals with the server instance itself so

const server = http.createServer(app)
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then we wrap it with io, allow some cors which will be the client side after a short while on port 3000

const io = socketIO(server, {
  transports:['polling'],
  cors:{
    cors: {
      origin: "http://localhost:3000"
    }
  }
})
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configuring io and exporting it to be used in the order controller

io.on('connection', (socket) => {
  console.log('A user is connected');

  socket.on('message', (message) => {
    console.log(`message from ${socket.id} : ${message}`);
  })

  socket.on('disconnect', () => {
    console.log(`socket ${socket.id} disconnected`);
  })
})

export {io};
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then we go the order controller and change the code to
controllers/order.js

router.post('/', async (req, res) => {
  try {
    const order = new Order(req.body)
    await order.save()
    const orders = await Order.find()
    io.emit('order-added', orders)
    res.status(201).send(order)
  } catch (error) {
    res.send(error)
  }
})
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which means that whenever someone will add an order, it will be posted to all clients connected the socket, so will be updated instantly with the orders array in the db

Now we can go to the client side and consume this API, we use create-react-app because we don't need a complex app we just need to demonstrate the behavior

here, I made a simple ui components called Orders, for the code you can easily find it in the repo, but I'm interested in this part

  const [orders, setOrders] = useState([])

  useEffect(() => {
    const getOrders = async () => {
      const response = await axios.get('http://localhost:5000/orders')
      const ordersData = response.data;
      setOrders(ordersData)
    } 

    getOrders()
  }, [])

  useEffect(() => {
    const socket = io('ws://localhost:5000')

    socket.on('connnection', () => {
      console.log('connected to server');
    })

    socket.on('order-added', (newOrders) => {
      setOrders(newOrders)
    })

    socket.on('message', (message) => {
      console.log(message);
    })

    socket.on('disconnect', () => {
      console.log('Socket disconnecting');
    })

  }, [])

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first we have the state which is an empty array initially

the first useEffect call is a call to the get orders endpoint we have just made to get all orders and then we populate the view with it

the second useEffect call, we connect using socket.io-client which we will install on the client side using npm i socket.io-client, then we specify that on order-added event from the socket we will have the orders being sent with the event and set it to be the new array, so whenever a new order is added we will be notified with the new array of orders in the db.

to test it, I opened the browser on port 3000 to open my react app then used postman to make a post to my server on port 5000 to add an order and viola my react-app updated instantly

Alt Text

That was my first post, I hope you liked it.

Top comments (27)

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ravavyr profile image
Ravavyr

It's a good breakdown, but I find some issues with it.

It has some bells and whistles, eg. you didn't really need to add the database though it's a nice touch, but it is missing the important bells and whistles, like HTTPS instead of HTTP [setting up an ssl with LetsEncrypt is pretty easy these days], also validating the data sent to your server, and logs for catching bots/anyone trying to abuse it, and also how do you validate communications are not being intercepted.

All in all you did a pretty good explanation and showed how server and client side are connected. This part always confuses newbies.

Granted some of these items require longer discussions and your tutorial is already quite long, they at least deserve to be mentioned, AT THE LEAST, HTTPS since SSL/TLS is a requirement not a luxury nowadays.

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omardiaa48 profile image
Omar Elwakeel

Thanks for notifying me, I will look further in these topics and might post another one focusing on those items

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alexlowe profile image
Alex Lowe

I would argue that SSL/TLS is not required for the scope of this tutorial. There are plenty other ones that show you how to add it to your nodejs application or using a proxy to do so.

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ravavyr profile image
Ravavyr

Newbies don't know this. It should at least mention it and use an SSL secured url by the end. HTTPS is vital [mainly because you don't get that fancy lock icon and clients go apeshit if you don't have that lol], but in all seriousness it's not something that should be overlooked. At least link to another tutorial that shows how to do it for this specific stack since that can vary too.

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jnicnvr profile image
John Nico Novero

thanks man it helps a lot

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arsprogramma profile image
ArsProgramma

A really nice straighton example without bells and whistles.
Just the way i like it. Great work!

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omardiaa48 profile image
Omar Elwakeel

Thanks, It really means alot

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dhirajpatra profile image
Dhiraj Patra

Beautiful. I have created whole end to end application for truuth.id for their Liveness product.
I have used socket.io in both front end JS and back end with Python Flask. AWS Lambda, ECS, Farget, ALB and some more tools.
Perfectly working. Only glitches is AWS Socket API gateway does not support socket.io yet. As socket.io use both socket and http connection to make full duplex channel for stream and messages.
Any way will try your nodejs based this tutorial as well.
Wish you all the best. Thanks

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vishwakarma09 profile image
Sandeep Kumar

clear and easy

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omardiaa48 profile image
Omar Elwakeel

Thanks for saying that :)

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rancy98 profile image
rancy98 • Edited

a good idea, but if my backend use another lanuage, how to do

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omardiaa48 profile image
Omar Elwakeel

it depends, some other frameworks like .NET uses SignalR, but I prefer Socket.io, any ways how to set it up will be very similar, just syntax differences but not concepts

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abhijeetshikha1 profile image
Abhijeet Shikhar

Please share GitHub link

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omardiaa48 profile image
Omar Elwakeel
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saroj8455 profile image
Saroj Padhan

Great

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omardiaa48 profile image
Omar Elwakeel

Thanks

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stakutis profile image
stakutis

I think it is great. Simple. For people that are relatively senior (like me) that know node and express and react well and simply want to know/see socket-io in the mix. Great.

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batuhanbilginn profile image
batuhanbilginn

Thanks for the article 👌