In this short article I will show you how to expand your installed PWA to the full edge of the screen of a mobile device and how to take care of design issues that might occur.
Standalone mode
As soon as the user has added your PWA to the home screen and opened it, it runs in a standalone mode, where e.g. the navigation bar of the browser will disappear and we can produce more app-like designs.
We can detect if the PWA is running in standalone mode inside our application like this:
// on iOS Safari
window.navigator.standalone
// on Android Chrome
window.matchMedia(
'(display-mode: standalone)'
).matches
Because of the platform difference, a more popular approach is to define a start_url
inside your manifest.json
file, where we can add a parameter that will be added, when the app is started in standalone mode. Then we can check for the parameter inside our application to make changes to our UI.
To display it fullscreen and remove native control elements, we also have to add the display
property with the value standalone
(fullscreen
won't work). Here's our current manifest:
// manifest.json
{
"name": "Example App",
"display": "standalone",
"start_url": "/?standalone=true"
}
Meta Tags
To display your app fullscreen, we will also have to add a few meta tags.
You might already have a viewport
meta tag, but make sure viewport-fit=cover
is inside it (separated by ;
):
<meta name="viewport"
content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1; viewport-fit=cover">
Then we have to add the mobile-web-app-capable
and status-bar-style
meta tags:
<meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
<!-- possible content values: default, black or black-translucent -->
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style"
content="black-translucent">
Note that we can decide, whether the status bar should have a white (default), black or transparent (with white color) background. Take into account that this meta tag is only used when the app starts, so it's app-wide and we can't modify the meta tag later to change the color dynamically.
Because we also want to be able to display content underneath the status bar, we'll use the transparent background (black-translucent
). This will also shift our app up to the top of the screen.
Now we can produce fancy headers that look like this:
Safe Area
Since we can display content underneath the status bar now, we'll have to make sure that the white text will always be readable (e.g. with a decorative shadow or ensuring dark background colors) and that there will be no interactive elements underneath. Also we might have to take the notch into account, which some newer iOS versions have:
To solve those problems we can utilize the safe-area
CSS env variables (supported since iOS >= 11.1 and Chrome >= 69):
.element {
height: env(safe-area-inset-top);
width: env(safe-area-inset-left);
margin: env(safe-area-inset-right);
// you can also use fallback values
padding: env(safe-area-inset-bottom, 20px);
}
As an example, I implemented a sticky navigation bar vue component for my app, which has an element with the top safe-area applied as height. It will be transparent as long as the transparent
property is true
and the user has not scrolled down. Here's the crucial part of the component:
<!-- NavigationBar.vue -->
<div class="sticky top-0">
<div
class="h-safe-area-inset-top"
:class="{
'bg-black': !transparent
|| (transparent && scrollTop > 0)
}"
></div>
...
</div>
<style>
.h-safe-area-inset-top { height: env(safe-area-inset-top); }
.bg-black { background-color: #444; }
</style>
<script>
export default {
data() {
return {
scrollTop: 0
}
},
props: {
transparent: {
type: Boolean,
default: false
}
},
methods: {
scrollListener(e) {
this.scrollTop = e.target.scrollTop;
}
},
mounted() {
window.addEventListener('scroll', this.scrollListener);
}
}
</script>
If you have a question, don't hesitate to leave a comment. Happy coding and designing! šØš¼āš»
Top comments (8)
Thanks for the write up, however this doesn't seem to work in the latest iOS version (14.5). Was wondering if anyone is having this issue or if I'm missing something. Any insight would be appreciate, thanks!
Which part exactly doesn't work? The
black-translucent
status bar?No, referenced firt.dev/ios-14.5/ and ended up using
dark-content
for the status bar. The issues I am having are:That's very helpfull! Thanks!
Seems
black-translucent
now is deprecated in iOS 14.5. Refer : t.co/vE0aBdWKKs?amp=1Are you able to enable it < 14.5?
Deprecated hopefully doesn't mean removed, but can't test it right now. But like your linked article says, it seems like a half baked solution, since there has been no alternative value introduced for
black-translucent
and there are three values for the same.Thank you for your post !
This works both for Android and IOS (tested on IOS 14)
window.matchMedia(
'(display-mode: standalone)'
).matches
Good to know! Thanks for the testing.
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