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Swislok-Dev
Swislok-Dev

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Backend For MERN app

Configure

Configure database for Mongo Atlas

To get started run npm install for the following dependencies:

  • dotenv
  • express
  • express-async-handler
  • mongoose
  • jsonwebtoken
  • brcyptjs

It will be helpful to also include npm install nodemon -D to be required for automatic restarts of the node server when making file changes during development.

Create a .env file as well to contain:

  • NODE_ENV = development
  • MONGO_URI = url to mongo database
  • PORT = 5001
  • JWT_SECRET = secretpeaches

./backend/config/db.js

This file will house how to connect to the Mongo database that once created via mongodb.com, allows for a remote database connection without the need to store locally.

const mongoose = require('mongoose')

const connectDB = async () => {
  try {
    const conn - await mongoose.connect(process.env.MONGO_URI)

    // Include confirmation of connecting to Mongo
    console.log(`MongoDB connected ${conn.connection.host}`)

  } catch (error) {
    console.log('MongoDB not connected', error)
    process.exit(1)
  }
}

// Export the module for use in `index.js`
module.exports = connectDB
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Configure Error Handler

Having a custom error handler will help for debugging feedback to trace where problems may have occurred.

./backend/middleware/errorMiddleware.js

const errorHandler = (err, req, res, next) => {
  const statusCode = res.statusCode ? res.statusCode : 500

  // Call error code retrieved from the response
  res.status(statusCode)

  res.json({
    message: err.message,
    stack: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production' ? null : err.stack,
  })
}

module.exports = { errorHandler }
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Configure User Model

The user model will contain name, email, and password. The password will be hashed and salted in another file coming up.

./backend/models/userModel.js

const mongoose = require('mongoose')

const userSchema = mongoose.Schema(
  {
    name: {
      type: String,
      required: [true , 'Please provide a name'],
    },
    email: {
      type: String,
      required: [true, 'Please provide an email'],
      unique: true,
    },
    password: {
      type: String,
      required: [true, 'Please provide a password'],
    },
  },
  {
    timestamps: true,
  }
)

// Export the name of the model ('User') and the module itself (userSchema)
module.exports = mongoose.model('User', userSchema)
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Configure User Controller

The controller will hold the code for all user actions.

./backend/controllers/userController.js

const jwt = require('jswonwebtoken')
const bcrypt = require('bcryptjs')
const asyncHandler = require('express-async-handler')
const User = require('../models/userModel')

const registerUser = asyncHandler(async (req, res) => {
  // Destructure attributes from request
  const { name, email, password } = req.body

  // Check for missing information on the form
  if (!name || !email || !password) {
    res.status(400)
    throw new Error('Please fill in all required fields')
  }

  const userExists = await User.findOne({ email })

  if (userExists) {
    res.status(400)
    throw new Error('User already exists')
    // Optional to redirect to login page
  }

  // Hash password
  const salt = await bcrypt.genSalt(24)
  // Take in `password` and use `salt` for hashing algorithm
  const hashedPassword = await bcrypt.hash(password, salt)

  const user = await User.create({
    name, email, password: hashedPassword
  })

  if (user) {
    res.status(201).json({
      _id: user.id,
      name: user.name,
      email: user.email,
      token: generateToken(user._id),
    })
  } else {
    res.status(400)
    throw new Error('Invalid user data')
  }
})

const loginUser = asyncHandler(async (req, res) => {
  const { email, password } = req.body

  const user = await User.findOne({ email })

  if (user && (await bcrypt.compare(password, user.password))) {
    res.json({
      _id: user.id,
      name: user.name,
      email: user.email,
      token: generateToken(user._id),
    })
  } else {
    res.status(400)
    throw new Error('Invalid credentials')
  }
})

const generateToken = (id) => {
  return jwt.sign({ id }, process.env.JWT_SECRET, {
    expiresIn: '30d',  // Determines when this token will expire and user will need to login again
  })
}

module.exports = {
  registerUser,
  loginUser
}
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Configure User Authorization Middleware

Authorization will be required by the user to access any data that is owned by the user such as user details, created assets, or settings.

./backend/middleware/authMiddleware.js

const jwt = require('jsonwebtoken')
const asyncHandler = require('express-async-handler')
const User = require('../models/userModel')

const protect = asyncHandler(async (req, res, next) => {
  let token

  if (
    req.headers.authorization &&
    req.headers.authorization.startsWith('Bearer')
  ) {
    try {
      token = req.headers.authorization.split(' ')[1]
      const decodedToken = jwt.verify(token, process.env.JWT_SECRET)
      req.user = await User.findById(decodedToken.id).select('-password')

      next()
    } catch (error) {
      console.log(error)
      res.status(401)
      throw new Error('Not authorized')
    }
  }

  if (!token) {
    res.status(401)
    throw new Error('Not authorized, no token')
  }
})

module.exports = { protect }
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Configure User Routes

Routes that will be used by express to act upon actions by and for the user while utilizing the middleware to maintain authorization.

./backend/routes/userRoutes.js

const express = require('express')
const router = express.Router()
const { registerUser, loginUser } = require('../controllers/userController')
const { protect } = require('../middleware/authMiddleware')

// POST route  api/users/
router.post('/', registerUser)

// POST route  api/users/login
router.post('/login', loginUser)

module.exports = router
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Configure Express Server

This is the launching point for express to send information out and allow access to the rest of the backend files with custom error handling.

./backend/index.js

const express = require('express')
const dotenv = require('dotenv').config()
const connectDB = require('./config/db')
const { errorhandler } = require('./middleware/errorMiddleware')
const port = process.env.PORT || 5001

// Connect to Mongo Atlas database
connectDB()

const app = express()

app.use(express.json())
app.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: false })

// Use user routes
app.use('/api/users', require('./routes/userRoutes'))

app.use(errorhandler)

// Port to be used for the server to run on
app.listen(port, () => console.log(`Server running on port ${port}`))
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Conclusion

This was a basic boilerplate for setting up an express server for users to be customized as needed for the next use case.

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