Mastering YOLOv10: A Complete Guide with Hands-On Projects

Introduction

In the rapidly evolving field of computer vision, YOLO (You Only Look Once) models have consistently stood out for their remarkable balance between computational cost and detection performance. YOLOv10, the latest iteration, addresses key inefficiencies and introduces a slew of innovations, making it a game-changer for real-time object detection. This guide will walk you through the significant improvements in YOLOv10 and provide step-by-step instructions to implement object detection and region counting projects using YOLOv10.

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Table of Contents

1. Setup
2. Example 1: Object Detection with YOLOv10
3. Example 2: Region Counting Using YOLOv10
4. Comparing YOLOv10 to Previous Versions and Other Models

Academic Perspective

YOLO models are popular in real-time object detection for their balance between computational cost and detection performance. Over the years, researchers have improved their designs, objectives, and data strategies, but reliance on non-maximum suppression increases latency and hinders end-to-end deployment. Various YOLO components have inefficiencies that limit their capability.

YOLOv10 Improvements

YOLOv10 addresses these issues with NMS-free training for lower latency and an efficiency-accuracy driven design strategy. The authors introduced consistent dual assignments for NMS-free training, which simultaneously achieves competitive performance and low inference latency. They also proposed a holistic efficiency-accuracy driven model design strategy, optimizing various YOLO components from both efficiency and accuracy perspectives. This reduces computational overhead and enhances performance.

Performance Comparison

Experiments show YOLOv10 achieves state-of-the-art performance and efficiency. For example, YOLOv10-S is 1.8 times faster than RT-DETR-R18 with similar accuracy and has fewer parameters and FLOPs. Compared to YOLOv9-C, YOLOv10-B has 46% less latency and 25% fewer parameters for the same performance.

Visualization

Here are visual comparisons of YOLOv10 with previous YOLO versions and other models in terms of latency and number of parameters:

• Figure 1: Comparisons with others in terms of latency-accuracy (left) and size-accuracy (right) trade-offs. We measure the end-to-end latency using the official pre-trained models.

Setup

Before diving into the examples, let’s ensure we have the necessary setup. We’ll start by installing the required libraries.

Step 1: Install the Required Libraries

# Clone ultralytics repo
git clone https://github.com/ultralytics/ultralytics

# cd to local directory
cd ultralytics

# Install dependencies
pip install -r requirements.txt

Example 1: Object Detection with YOLOv10

Object detection is a fundamental task in computer vision. YOLOv10 enhances this by eliminating the need for non-maximum suppression (NMS) during inference, leading to lower latency and improved performance.

Step-by-Step Implementation

Download the model of your choice and ensure it fits your GPU memory. Here's a Python script to download videos from YouTube for testing:

from pytube import YouTube

# Replace 'YOUR_VIDEO_URL' with the URL of the YouTube video you want to download
video_url = 'your link here' 

# Create a YouTube object
yt = YouTube(video_url)

# Get the highest resolution stream available
video_stream = yt.streams.filter(progressive=True, file_extension='mp4').order_by('resolution').desc().first()

# Download the video
video_stream.download()

print("Download complete!")

Setup:

import cv2
import numpy as np
from ultralytics import YOLO

# Load YOLOv10 model
model = YOLO('yolov10.pt')

# Path to the video file
video_path = 'path/to/your/video.mp4'
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(video_path)

# Process Video Frames
while cap.isOpened():
    ret, frame = cap.read()
    if not ret:
        break

    # Perform object detection
    results = model(frame)

    # Draw bounding boxes
    for result in results:
        boxes = result['boxes']
        for box in boxes:
            x1, y1, x2, y2 = box['coords']
            label = box['label']
            confidence = box['confidence']
            cv2.rectangle(frame, (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (0, 255, 0), 2)
            cv2.putText(frame, f'{label} {confidence:.2f}', (x1, y1 - 10), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.5, (0, 255, 0), 2)

    # Display the frame
    cv2.imshow('YOLOv10 Object Detection', frame)
    if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
        break

cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

Example 2: Region Counting Using YOLOv10

Region counting allows for tallying objects within specified areas, providing valuable insights in various applications such as surveillance and traffic monitoring. This example demonstrates how to count objects in defined regions using YOLOv10.

Step-by-Step Implementation

Define Regions and Setup Model:

from shapely.geometry import Polygon, Point

# Define counting regions
counting_regions = [
    {
        "name": "Region 1",
        "polygon": Polygon([(50, 80), (250, 20), (450, 80), (400, 350), (100, 350)]),
        "counts": 0,
        "color": (255, 0, 0)
    },
    {
        "name": "Region 2",
        "polygon": Polygon([(200, 250), (440, 250), (440, 550), (200, 550)]),
        "counts": 0,
        "color": (0, 255, 0)
    },
]

model = YOLO('yolov10.pt')

Process Video and Count Objects in Regions:

cap = cv2.VideoCapture('path/to/your/video.mp4')
while cap.isOpened():
    ret, frame = cap.read()
    if not ret:
        break

    # Perform object detection
    results = model(frame)

    # Draw regions
    for region in counting_regions:
        points = np.array(region["polygon"].exterior.coords, dtype=np.int32)
        cv2.polylines(frame, [points], isClosed=True, color=region["color"], thickness=2)
        region["counts"] = 0  # Reset counts for each frame

    # Count objects in regions
    for result in results:
        boxes = result['boxes']
        for box in boxes:
            x1, y1, x2, y2 = box['coords']
            center = Point((x1 + x2) / 2, (y1 + y2) / 2)
            for region in counting_regions:
                if region["polygon"].contains(center):
                    region["counts"] += 1

    # Display counts
    for region in counting_regions:
        text = f'{region["name"]}: {region["counts"]}'
        cv2.putText(frame, text, (int(region["polygon"].centroid.x), int(region["polygon"].centroid.y)), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.5, region["color"], 2)

    # Display the frame
    cv2.imshow('YOLOv10 Region Counting', frame)
    if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
        break

cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

Community Support

For more information, you can explore Ultralytics YOLOv10 Docs.

YOLOv10 Resources:

• GitHub
• Docs

If you have any questions running the code in your environments, contact me directly.