An ephemeral environment is an environment meant to last for a limited amount of time, in which the definition of ephemeral is ‘lasting a very short time’. The amount of time could be as short as the lifecycle of a CI/CD pipeline or as long as a week, but the key component being that eventually the environment goes away. Some other names for ephemeral environments could be ‘on-demand environments’, ‘dynamic environments’, or ‘temporary environments’. No matter the name, the use case is the same: the environment is created, used for a short period of time, and then removed without consequence.
Now that we have an idea of what ephemeral environments are, let’s go over some of their characteristics.
Ephemeral Environments Should Look Like Production
One of the most important factors to a successful ephemeral environment workflow is to have the environments look as close to a production replica as possible. To start, if you are using Docker images, the same image that you deploy onto an ephemeral environment should be eligible to be deployed to your production server. When thinking about memory as one example, if the production server is allocated 2GB of memory then the ephemeral environment should be too. If the ephemeral environment has less memory, say only 1GB, and a memory intensive part of the application fails, it is now unclear whether or not that part of the application would fail if the same image were deployed to production.
As another slightly different example, if the application uses a database, the production version should be talking to a persistent database, like Amazon’s RDS, while the ephemeral environment may be talking to a containerized version, but having both databases on the exact same version ensures new code doesn’t accidentally use a database feature that isn’t available on production.
Every application is different and we can’t cover every possible feature that needs to look the same here, the premise remains the same that every ephemeral environment should look as close to your production environment as possible.
Ephemeral Environments Are Automated And On Demand
Now that we know our ephemeral environments should look like our production environment, the next step is to automate their creation to meet that criteria. Products like Terraform, AWS’s Cloudformation, or Release’s Application Template are what we call “environments as code” to ensure that the ephemeral environments are created the same way each time.
Once the template is created, the ephemeral environments should be set up to be automatically created on certain events, such as when a pull request is opened. They should also be able to be created on demand manually (not through an event driven process) in case a new environment is needed for any reason.
Ephemeral Environments Have Replicated Data
We previously mentioned that running the same version of database was a requirement of having our ephemeral environments look like production. Not only should they look the same, but they should have very similar datasets available to them in an isolated manner. This means that the database attached to the ephemeral environment will not be shared with any other environment. Because the database will also be removed as part of the cleanup process of the environment, it makes for the perfect place to test destructive actions without worrying about affecting anything else. A few ways to achieve this isolated replication would be to use a container with a seed file or using an RDS Snapshot based approach like Release’s Datasets.
Ephemeral Environments Are Shareable
Being able to see the ephemeral environment and the code changes yourself is great, but garnering feedback from others is even more important. Ephemeral environments shine when multiple stakeholders such as product managers, the QA team, or even customers are able to preview changes before they are generally available. The early feedback cycle helps the engineering team dial in their changes and is accomplished by having the ephemeral environment live on a unique and shareable url. At Release, every environment receives a handle in the form of ‘ted’ + 4 alphanumeric characters and each service within that environment has a shareable url, such as https://backend-teda1b2.releasehub.com.
With all these characteristics in mind, we can now talk about how ephemeral environments could be used practically in a CI/CD pipeline.
Integration with Collaboration Tools
The last characteristic we talked about was being able to share the link to the ephemeral environment with other people. One way to achieve this shareability without manualing sending the link to everyone is to set up integrations with collaboration tools such as Github or Jira. If the creation of the ephemeral environment is automated, such as when a Pull Request is opened, having an integration back to Github to post the shareable URL is a great way for other engineers to discover the environment. Github provides many ways to share the URL such as through comments, the status API, or deployments.
Another way to automate sharing the URL might be to connect to Jira and have a naming convention between Jira ticket numbers and branch names which allows the URL to be added to the ticket automatically. Collaboration is at the heart of using ephemeral environments and making it easier to discover the environments through integrations helps drive the team’s success.
Smoke- or Integration- Tests
Unit tests are a core part of the development lifecycle but one thing that unit tests can miss is how the system behaves as a whole outside of that single unit of work. This is where smoke- or integration- tests can shine. There are many different approaches to these tests depending on the type of application. For example, if the application has only API endpoints, a script using curl commands may suffice to create the test suite. However if the application has a webpage then tools like Selenium can be used to create a test suite that actually visits the website ensures the pages are working. Either approach benefits from having a live ephemeral environment for each branch or unit under test because without it, there could be a waiting line to deploy the code onto a single staging or testing server to see if the tests pass and no one wants to wait around for that!
Putting everything that we’ve talked about together, we can begin to tell a story about how a company can start small with ephemeral environments and continue to scale up as the company grows.
Scaling Up With Ephemeral Environments
Here is a fictional story of Acme, Inc., founded recently on the great idea of building completely customisable moose traps and selling them on their website. This story will illustrate how ephemeral environments can work for any size company, of any maturity, and with any workflow.
The beginning of a company starts with a pair of co-founders, an engineer and a product manager. The co-founders decide that using ephemeral environments is a good way for the engineer to showcase the work to the product manager and to their potential customers. The endeavour starts with only a few ephemeral environments as the engineering co-founder can only juggle so many projects at once. They are able to create an environment for one task and share it with the product manager and wait for feedback while moving onto the next task.
The company finds a few initial customers and decides to hire additional engineers. They also decide to set up automated ephemeral environments with every pull request and receive Slack messages when each environment is ready. The product manager is now able to review each product change without the need for the engineering team to send them the link and the number of ephemeral environments being created concurrently continues to grow.
After a successful year of work, the co-founders decide that they want to hire additional product managers and build out a QA team. With the added headcount, they introduce a ticketing system to track the work from inception to development to QA review and finally to deployment. To align the use of ephemeral environments throughout this process, the pull request and environment urls are automatically added to the ticket. Now the product manager and the QA team are able to use the same environment link on the ticket to assess the work and provide feedback. Nobody has to wait for an environment to be freed up for testing to complete their work.
After months of product polish and bootstrapping the sales process, the company decides to hire a sales team to kick start the customer acquisition process. The members of the sales team learn about the company’s product but are also introduced to the ephemeral environments. When a sales team member needs to demo the product for a customer, they’re able to create an environment with a clean dataset which they can use to showcase the full breadth of the product without worrying about questions like, “can I delete this?” and, “will everything be reset for my next demo?”, and “will anyone mess with my environment while I’m trying to demonstrate it to the customer?” That level of confidence in their ephemeral environment allows them to focus on the pitch to the customer, rather than dancing around features because using those features might interfere with someone else, or worrying that there might be clutter from previous demos.
From the early stages of the company, through the growth and expansion of the product and engineering team, and finally to the sales and customer acquisition front, ephemeral environments played an important role each step of the way. Without these, the company may have been hampered by engineers waiting for time in a single staging environment, or product managers and the QA team testing on different environments and getting different results, or the sales team attempting to close a customer and realizing that the data on their environment had already been changed by a previous sales demo.
Adding Ephemeral Environments To Your Workflow
Hopefully we’ve shown some compelling features for using ephemeral environments in your (and your team’s) workflow. If you agree that ephemeral environments are valuable, you may want to see how we’ve made them easy at Release.
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