π DNS Request β When you type 'google.com', your browser sends a request to a DNS server to translate the domain name into an IP address, which acts like an internet address book.
π€ TCP/IP Handshake β After obtaining the IP address, your computer establishes a connection with Google's server using the TCP/IP protocol, ensuring reliable data transmission.
π Secure Connection β The browser initiates a secure connection using HTTPS, employing SSL or TLS encryption to protect data exchanged between your computer and the server.
π¦ Load Balancer β Google's infrastructure uses a load balancer to distribute incoming requests across multiple servers, ensuring efficient handling of traffic.
π Webpage Components β The server processes the request and sends back the necessary HTML, CSS, and JavaScript files to render Google's homepage on your browser.
DNS and IP Address
π DNS Function β The Domain Name System (DNS) translates human-readable domain names like 'google.com' into IP addresses that computers use to identify each other on the network.
π DNS Cache β Before querying a DNS server, the browser checks its local DNS cache for the IP address to speed up the process.
π‘ DNS Query β If the IP address is not cached, the browser sends a query to a DNS server, often provided by the user's Internet Service Provider (ISP).
π Recursive DNS β If the initial DNS server does not have the IP address, it performs a recursive search, querying other DNS servers until it finds the correct address.
πΊοΈ IP Address β The DNS server returns the IP address of the Google server, allowing the browser to initiate a connection.
TCP/IP Connection
π TCP/IP Protocol β The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is a set of rules governing the connection and communication between computers on the internet.
π€ Three-Way Handshake β The connection begins with a three-way handshake involving SYN, SYN-ACK, and ACK packets to establish a reliable connection.
π¦ Data Packets β Once the connection is established, data is sent in packets, each containing a portion of the webpage data.
πΆ Reliable Transmission β TCP ensures that packets are delivered accurately and in the correct order, resending any lost packets.
π‘οΈ Error Checking β TCP includes error-checking mechanisms to detect and correct errors in data transmission.
Webpage Rendering
π₯οΈ HTML, CSS, JavaScript β The server sends back HTML, CSS, and JavaScript files, which the browser uses to render the webpage.
π¨ HTML Structure β HTML provides the structure of the webpage, defining elements like headings, paragraphs, and links.
π¨ CSS Styling β CSS is used to style the webpage, controlling the layout, colors, fonts, and other visual aspects.
π±οΈ JavaScript Interactivity β JavaScript adds interactivity to the webpage, enabling dynamic content and user interactions.
π Rendering Process β The browser parses the HTML, applies CSS styles, and executes JavaScript to display the final webpage.
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