Every programming language has its methods for its data structures. Some of the data structures in Python include list, string, dictionary, and set.
List methods
-
append() - Append an element to the end of the list.
l=[] l.append(5) print(l) # l=[5]
-
clear() - Clears the list.
l=[1,2] l.clear() print(l) # l=[]
-
copy() - Makes a copy of the list.
l=[1,2,3] x=l.copy() print(x) # [1,2,3]
-
count() - Count the data that has been passed as an argument in the list.
l=[1,2,3] x=l.count(1) print(x) # 1
-
extend() - This function extends the data of another list.
l=[1,2,3] l1=[4,5,6] l=l.extend(l1) print(l) # [1,2,3,4,5,6]
-
index() - Returns the index of the passed element.
l = [1,2,3] l=l.index(1) print(l) # 0
-
insert() - Takes two arguments, one being the position and another being the element. It will insert at the given position.
l=[1,2,3] l.insert(0,0) print(l) #[0,1,2,3]
-
pop() - Removes the list's last element.
l=[1,2,3] l.pop() print(l) # [1,2]
-
remove() - Removes the first matched element; the argument has to be passed.
l=[1,2,3] l.remove(2) print(l) # [1,3]
-
reverse() - Reverse the order of the list.
l= [1,2,3] print(l.reverse()) # [3,2,1]
-
sort() - Sorts a list.
l=[3,1,2] print(l.sort()) # [1,2,3]
String Methods
-
capitalize() - Capitalizes the first character.
s="string" k=s.capitalize() print(k) # String
-
casefold() - Lowers the case of a string.
s = "String" casefold() = k print(k) # string
-
center() - Centres the string based on the argument.
s="string" k=s.center(10) print(k) # string
-
count() - Returns the number of occurrences of the value in the string.
s="string" k=s.count(r) print(k) # 1
-
endswith() - Returns true if the string ends with the specified value.
s="string" k=s.endswith(g) print(k) # True
-
find() - Searches the string for a specified value and returns the index of it; if not found, it returns -1.
s="string" k=s.find(r) print(k) # -1
-
index() - Returns the index of a specified value after searching the string for it.
s="string" k=s.index("r") print(k) # 2
-
isalnum() - If all characters in the string are alphanumeric, it will return true; otherwise, it will return false.
s="string2" k=s.isalnum() print(k) # True
-
isalpha() - If all characters in the string are in the alphabet, it will return true; otherwise, it will return false.
s="string" k=s.isalpha() print(k) # True
-
isascii() - Return true if all characters in the string are ASCII characters.
s="string" k=s.isascii() print(k) # True
-
isdecimal() - This function returns True if all of the characters in the string are decimals.
s="\u0033" k=s.isdecimal() print(k) # True
-
isdigit() - If all characters in the string are digits, it will return true; otherwise, it will return false.
s="1234" k=s.isdigit() print(k) # True
-
islower() - If all characters in the string are lower case, it will return True; otherwise, it will return false.
s="string" k=s.islower() print(k) # True
-
isnumeric() - If all characters in the string are numeric, it will return true; otherwise, it will return false.
s="1234" k=s.isnumeric() print(k) # True
-
isprintable() - Returns true if the string contains all printable characters.
s="string n adf" k=s.isprintable() print(k) # False
-
isspace() - Returns true if the string contains no whitespace; otherwise, it returns false.
s="string" k=s.isspace() print(k) # False
-
istitle() - If all of the words in the string begin with capital letters, istitle() returns true; otherwise, it returns false.
"String the Word" k=s.istitle() print(k) # True
-
isupper() - True if all the characters are in upper case; otherwise, it will return false.
s="STRING" k=s.isupper() print(k) # True
-
join() - Converts the elements of an iterable into a string.
s=["s", "t", "r", "i", "n", "g"] k="".join(s) print(k) # string
-
ljust() - Returns a left-justified string.
s="string" k=s.ljust(10) print(k) # denotes a string
-
lower() - Lowers the case of a string.
s="StrInG" k=s.lower() print(k) # string
-
lstrip() - Removes the leftmost portion of the string.
s=" string" k=s.lstrip() print(k) # string
-
replace() - Replace the matching values with the passed argument. It takes two arguments.
s="string" k=s.replace("ing","") print(k) # str
-
rfind() - Searches the string for a given value and returns the last position it was found.
s="stringr" k=s.rfind("r") print(k) # 6
-
rindex() - Searches the string for a specified value and returns the last position where it was found.
s="stringr" k=s.rindex("r") print(k) # 6
-
rjust() - Returns a right-justified version of the string.
s="string" k=s.rjust(10) print(k) # character string
-
rstrip() - Remove the appropriate portion of the string.
s="string " k=s.rstrip() print(k) # string
-
split() - Splits the string based on the specified separator (the default is a space) and returns a list.
string="string the word" k=s.split() print(k) # ["string", "the", "word"]
-
splitlines() - splits each line and returns a list of the results.
s="hello world string" k=s.splitlines() print(k) # ['string', 'hello world']
-
startswith() - This function looks for the letter in the string and returns True if it begins with the specified letter; otherwise, it returns False.
s="string" k=s.startswith("s") print(k) # True
-
strip() - removes the string's trailing space.
s=" string " k=s.strip() print(k) # string
-
swapcase() - swaps the cases so that the lower becomes the upper and the upper becomes the lower.
string = "Word" k=s.swapcase() print(k) A wORD IS #STRING
-
title() - converts all of the word's first letters to uppercase.
string = "word" k=s.title() print(k) String = Word
-
upper() - changes the string's case to upper case.
s="string" k=s.upper() print(k) # STRING
-
zfill() - prefix the number of zeros before the string.
s="string" k=s.zfill(7) print(k) # 0string
OOPS
Object-oriented programming is a programming model that organises software design around data and objects rather than functions and logic. An object can be defined as a data field; it has unique attributes and behaviours.
-
OOPS structure:
- Classes - It is like a combination of bundling data and functionality together. Each class instance can have attributes attached to it for maintaining its state it can also have methods to change its state.
- Objects - An Object is an instance of a Class, an instance is a copy of the class with actual values. Python is object-oriented programming language it mainly focus on functions.
- Methods - A method is a function that belongs to an particular object. For example, list objects have methods called append, insert, remove and sort etc...
- Attributes - Class attributes are class variables that are inherited by every object of a class. The value of class attributes remain the same for every new object.
-
Principles
- Encapsulation - The binding up of methods and attributes, for example, a class is a combination of attributes and methods.
-
Abstraction - It's like a hiding of data; it can also help the developers more easily make additional changes over time.
Import ABC from ABC class ClassName(ABC) # We can make the actual class abstract by inheriting the ABC class.
-
Inheritance - It's a concept of reusing the same code to avoid redundancy. This method will force the developer to reduce development time and also ensure high accuracy. There are multiple inheritances.
polymorphism - The term "polymorphism" refers to the ability to use the same method as the parent class.
add(x, y, z) = 0: x + y + z = return print(add(2, 3)) # 5 print(addition(2, 3, 4)) # 9
Top comments (0)