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IvyFinal CTF (Crypto 2) - HeadCracker 300 - points

#security #cybersecurity

The file can be downloaded here.

HeadCracker - 300 points

The best tool to crack this custom cipher with is your head. Just don't literally crack your head.

Let's Begin

Let's first see what type of file we are dealing wih

┌──(razali㉿razali)-[~/Documents/Ivy/Finals/crypto]
└─$ file flag.enc          
flag.enc: data

It seems like a gibberish file.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
┌──(razali㉿razali)-[~/Documents/Ivy/Finals/crypto]
└─$ cat flag.enc           
���>����`

AJW:�AW��J�`����

>ϩ��                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
┌──(razali㉿razali)-[~/Documents/Ivy/Finals/crypto]
└─$ xxd flag.enc 
00000000: cfe4 4108 c73e 8bcf 06ea 9c60 0a0a 4106  ..A..>.....`..A.
00000010: 4a57 3a9c 0641 579a ea06 4a9c 6086 06cf  JW:..AW...J.`...
00000020: 1606 16c7 cf0a 0a06 3ecf a99c d7         ........>....
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Since the question wants us to manually crack the file, i'm pretty sure its either rot based cipher or perhaps
a substitution cipher.

I know that the flag has the format of ivyctf{...}.

Lets look at the hex position of {, it has a value of 8b.
The position of } has the value of d7. Thus its definitely not a rot based cipher as i expected them to be 1 byte apart but 8b and d7 are too far apart.

So I did a script to guess the flag using substitution cipher.

Firstly, to open the file


file = open('flag.enc', 'rb').read()
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Next I converted it to hex.


bytes_list = []
for byte in file:
    value = ord(byte)
    hex_value = hex(value)[2:]
    hex_value = hex_value if len(hex_value) == 2 else '0'+hex_value
    bytes_list.append(hex_value)
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I also wanted to know the number of occurances of each hex value, just to get an overall
understanding of which character appears the most.

occurances = {}

for byte in bytes_list:
    if byte in occurances:
        occurances[byte] = occurances[byte] + 1
    else:
        occurances[byte] = 1


import pprint

pprint.pprint(occurances)
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Finally, I created a loop to allow me to replace hex values to thier guessed letter.

while True:
    print("The flag is now ")
    print(''.join(bytes_list))
    byte = raw_input("Which byte do you want to replace: ")
    replacement = raw_input("What is the replacement character? [a-z_{}]: ")
    bytes_list = [b if b != byte else replacement for b in bytes_list]
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Let's run the script. It first displays the occurances.

┌──(razali㉿razali)-[~/…/Ivy/Finals/crypto/headcracker]
└─$ python cracker.py
{'06': 7,
 '08': 1,
 '0a': 4,
 '16': 2,
 '3a': 1,
 '3e': 2,
 '41': 3,
 '4a': 2,
 '57': 2,
 '60': 2,
 '86': 1,
 '8b': 1,
 '9a': 1,
 '9c': 4,
 'a9': 1,
 'c7': 2,
 'cf': 5,
 'd7': 1,
 'e4': 1,
 'ea': 2}
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Since the flag starts with ivyctf{...}, the ... could be [a-z] and underscore.
Thus i predicted the highest occurance to be an underscore.

The flag is now 
cfe44108c73e8bcf06ea9c600a0a41064a573a9c0641579aea064a9c608606cf160616c7cf0a0a063ecfa99cd7
Which byte do you want to replace: 06
What is the replacement character? [a-z_{}]: _
The flag is now 
cfe44108c73e8bcf_ea9c600a0a41_4a573a9c_41579aea_4a9c6086_cf16_16c7cf0a0a_3ecfa99cd7
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Then i proceeded to fill in ivyctf{}.

Which byte do you want to replace: cf
What is the replacement character? [a-z_{}]: i
The flag is now 
ie44108c73e8bi_ea9c600a0a41_4a573a9c_41579aea_4a9c6086_i16_16c7i0a0a_3eia99cd7
Which byte do you want to replace: e4
What is the replacement character? [a-z_{}]: v
The flag is now 
iv4108c73e8bi_ea9c600a0a41_4a573a9c_41579aea_4a9c6086_i16_16c7i0a0a_3eia99cd7
Which byte do you want to replace: 41
What is the replacement character? [a-z_{}]: y
The flag is now 
ivy08c73e8bi_ea9c600a0ay_4a573a9c_y579aea_4a9c6086_i16_16c7i0a0a_3eia99cd7
Which byte do you want to replace: 08
What is the replacement character? [a-z_{}]: c
The flag is now 
ivycc73e8bi_ea9c600a0ay_4a573a9c_y579aea_4a9c6086_i16_16c7i0a0a_3eia99cd7
Which byte do you want to replace: c7
What is the replacement character? [a-z_{}]: t
The flag is now 
ivyct3e8bi_ea9c600a0ay_4a573a9c_y579aea_4a9c6086_i16_16ti0a0a_3eia99cd7
Which byte do you want to replace: 3e
What is the replacement character? [a-z_{}]: f
The flag is now 
ivyctf8bi_ea9c600a0ay_4a573a9c_y579aea_4a9c6086_i16_16ti0a0a_fia99cd7
Which byte do you want to replace: 8b
What is the replacement character? [a-z_{}]: {
The flag is now 
ivyctf{i_ea9c600a0ay_4a573a9c_y579aea_4a9c6086_i16_16ti0a0a_fia99cd7
Which byte do you want to replace: d7
What is the replacement character? [a-z_{}]: }
The flag is now 
ivyctf{i_ea9c600a0ay_4a573a9c_y579aea_4a9c6086_i16_16ti0a0a_fia99c}
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Notice the i16, since its only 2 letters, it should either be is or it.
Let's try is.

Which byte do you want to replace: 16
What is the replacement character? [a-z_{}]: s
The flag is now 
ivyctf{i_ea9c600a0ay_4a573a9c_y579aea_4a9c6086_is_sti0a0a_fia99c}
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Notice sti0a0a, its a 4 letter word sti** where the last 2 character are the same. I guessed it as still.

Which byte do you want to replace: 0a
What is the replacement character? [a-z_{}]: l
The flag is now 
ivyctf{i_ea9c60lly_4a573a9c_y579aea_4a9c6086_is_still_fia99c}
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Next i noticed the 4 letter word which starts with y, y579aea. I guessed it as your.

Which byte do you want to replace: 57
What is the replacement character? [a-z_{}]: o
The flag is now 
ivyctf{i_ea9c60lly_4ao3a9c_yo9aea_4a9c6086_is_still_fia99c}
Which byte do you want to replace: 9a
What is the replacement character? [a-z_{}]: u
The flag is now 
ivyctf{i_ea9c60lly_4ao3a9c_youea_4a9c6086_is_still_fia99c}
Which byte do you want to replace: ea
What is the replacement character? [a-z_{}]: r
The flag is now 
ivyctf{i_r9c60lly_4ao3a9c_your_4a9c6086_is_still_fia99c}
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Next I noticed the 6 letter word, r9c60lly, which looks like really.

Which byte do you want to replace: 9c
What is the replacement character? [a-z_{}]: e
The flag is now 
ivyctf{i_re60lly_4ao3ae_your_4ae6086_is_still_fia9e}
Which byte do you want to replace: 60
What is the replacement character? [a-z_{}]: a
The flag is now 
ivyctf{i_really_4ao3ae_your_4aea86_is_still_fia9e}
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Next I noticed 4aea86. *ea*. Since the title of the excercise is HeadCracker, i guessed it as head.

Which byte do you want to replace: 4a
What is the replacement character? [a-z_{}]: h
The flag is now 
ivyctf{i_really_ho3ae_your_hea86_is_still_fia9e}
Which byte do you want to replace: 86
What is the replacement character? [a-z_{}]: d
The flag is now 
ivyctf{i_really_ho3ae_your_head_is_still_fia9e}
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.

With that the rest of it is pretty much self explanatory.

Which byte do you want to replace: 3a
What is the replacement character? [a-z_{}]: p
The flag is now 
ivyctf{i_really_hope_your_head_is_still_fia9e}
Which byte do you want to replace: a9
What is the replacement character? [a-z_{}]: n
The flag is now 
ivyctf{i_really_hope_your_head_is_still_fine}
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This was fun to solve!

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