DEV Community

Cover image for CDK for Terraform (CDKTF) on AWS: How to Configure an S3 Remote Backend and Deploy a Lambda Function URL using Python
AWS Community Builders profile image Omar Omar
Omar Omar for AWS Community Builders

Posted on • Edited on

CDK for Terraform (CDKTF) on AWS: How to Configure an S3 Remote Backend and Deploy a Lambda Function URL using Python

#cdktf #aws #tutorial #python

Update (10/12/22):

On the 3rd of Oct, 2022, HashiCorp released CDKTF version 0.13 introducing breaking changes such as namespaces. Due to this latest major upgrade, this tutorial does not work with CDKTF version 0.13. But it still works with CDKTF version 0.12. I will update the tutorial to work with version 0.13 in the near future.

Table of Contents

Introduction

After two years of development, on the 1st of August 2022, HashiCorp announced the general availability of CDK for Terraform. As the CDKTF framework finally saw the light of day, the news triggered lots excitement among the community. The CDKTF framework is a new open-source project that enables developers to use their favorite programming languages to define and provision cloud infrastructure resources on AWS. Under the hood, it converts the programming language definitions into Terraform configuration files and uses Terraform to provision the resources.

"Learning is no longer a stage of life; it’s a lifelong journey" - Andy Bird

It's often said that the best way to learn something new is to do it, and the first milestone in learning is often the hardest. However, with the right guidance, you can overcome the challenges and achieve your goals. My objective in this article is to guide you through the process of installing, configuring, and deploying your first AWS resource using CDKTF on AWS. In addition, I will also show you how to use the documentation on Construct Hub to deploy your own AWS resources.

The tutorial should be easy to follow and understand for beginners and intermediate users. The tutorial is devoted to developers with adequate AWS, Terraform and Python knowledge but who are unsure of how and where to begin their CDKTF learning.

The main topics covered in this tutorial are:

  1. Proper installation and configuration of all required prerequisites.
  2. Installing and configuring CDKTF.
  3. Initializing first CDKTF project using Python template and local backend.
  4. Deploying an S3 bucket, DynamoDB table and configuring an S3 remote backend.
  5. Learning how to read/use AWS Provider Submodules and Construct Hub documentation
  6. Provisioning an S3 Bucket using CDKTF
  7. Provisioning an IAM role and Lambda Function using CDKTF

This tutorial is also available on my GitHub - CDKTF-Tutorial repo. By the end of this tutorial, you shall be comfortable deploying AWS resources using the CDKTF framework. I will pass you the learning baton and you can take it from there.
Enough said, let's get started.

Step 1: Required Prerequisites

To complete this tutorial successfully, we should install and configure the following prerequisites properly. To set you up for success, I have to ensure you have the following prerequisites installed and configured properly:

  1. AWS CLI version 2: 


aws configure --profile CDKTF
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Note: the profile name does not have to be CDKTF, you can name it however you like. However, I will be using CDKTF in this tutorial.

  1. Terraform (version v1.0+ as per Terraform's recommendation).
  2. Node.js and npm v16+:
  • Follow NodeSource Node.js Binary Distributions to install Node.js v16.x for Ubuntu (the installation includes npm). For other operating systems and architectures, refer to Node.js official page. Once you have Node.js installed, make sure it's version 16.x by running the below command:


node -v
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode
  1. Python 3.7+: Ubuntu 20.04 LTS distribution comes with Python 3.8.2 pre-installed by default. Run the below command to confirm:


python3 --version
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Additionally, we will need to make sure we have pip installed and available. 



pip3 --version
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Note: if pip is unavailable, run sudo apt install python3-pip to install it as per Python documentation.

  1. pipenv v2021.5.29+: as of Sept 22, 2022, the latest version of pipenv is 2022.9.20. We will use pip to install pipenv. 


pip3 install pipenv
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Note: if you receive a WARNING stating pipenv is not installed on PATH as shown on the below image, run the below command to add it to the path:



export PATH="the-path-mentioned-in-the-warning:$PATH"
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Actual example:



export PATH="/home/CDKTF/.local/bin:$PATH"
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Image description

We have to confirm that pipenv is installed and available before we proceed. Run the below command to confirm:



pipenv --version
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Note: it's tempting to install pipenv by using the package manager sudo apt install pipenv, but be aware that the system repository version of pipenv is outdated and will not work with the CDKTF framework.

  1. CDKFT: now, we are ready to install the CDKTF using npm:


npm install --global cdktf-cli@0.12.3
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

If you receive a permission denied error, use sudo as shown below:



sudo npm install --global cdktf-cli@0.12.3
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Let's confirm the version:



cdktf --version
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Make sure you have all required prerequisite versions installed and configured successfully as shown on the below image:

Image description

Reaching this point means you have all required prerequisites installed and configured properly. We are ready to move on to the next step. This is a milestone, so take a moment to celebrate it. You deserve it.

Step 2: Initializing the First CDKTF Project using Python Template

In this section, we will learn how to use CDKTF CLI commands to create our first AWS CDKTF Python project. We will use the cdktf init command to create a new project in the current directory. The command also creates a cdktf.json file that contains the project configuration. The cdktf.json file contains e.g. the programming language, and the Terraform provider. The cdktf.json file is used by the cdktf command to determine the project configuration. Follow the below steps to initialize the first CDKTF project using Python template:

  1. Create a new directory for the project and cd into the directory. I will create a directory on my Desktop and name it first_project:


mkdir first_project && cd first_project
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode
  1. Run the following command to initialize our first CDKTF project. We will be promoted to enter the following information:

A. Name of the project: leave it as first_project and hit Enter.

B. Project description: leave it as My first CDKTF project and hit Enter.

C. Send crash reports to CDKTF team. I would highly recommend you say yes to send crash reports to the CDKTF team. This will help improve the product and fix bugs. 



cdktf init --template="python" --local
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Note 1: we are using the --local flag to store our Terraform state file locally. We will reconfigure the backend to S3 Remote backend in the next section.

Note 2: if you receive error [ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'virtualenv.seed.via_app_data'], you would need to remove virtualenv by running sudo apt remove python3-virtualenv. We should still have virtualenv as part of the pip packages. Run pip3 show virtualenv to confirm. If you don't see virtualenv in the list, run pip3 install virtualenv to install it.

  1. Activate the project's virtual environment (optional but recommended):


pipenv shell
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Note: the purpose of creating a virtual environment is to isolate the project and and all its packages and dependencies from the host or local device. It's a self contained environment within the host to prevent polluting the system. It's highly recommended to activate it to keep your host healthy and clean.

  1. Install AWS provider. There are multiple ways to install AWS Provider. We will use pipenv to install the AWS provider. Run the below command to install the AWS provider:


pipenv install cdktf-cdktf-provider-aws
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Note: as of the 26th of Sept, 2022, if you decide to install the AWS Provider using cdktf provider add "aws@~>4.0", the installation will fail due to no matching distribution found for version v9.0.36. There are other methods of importing a provider but this tutorial won't discuss to focus on simplicity.

asciicast

Congratulations, you have successfully initialized your first CDKTF Python project. This is another milestone to celebrate. Get a cup of coffee ☕️ and let's move on to the next section.

Step 3: Configuring an S3 Remote Backend

Terraform stores all managed infrastructure and configuration by default in a file named terraform.tfstate. If a local backend is configured for the project, the state file is stored in the current working directly. However, when working in a team environment to collaborate with other team members, it is important to configure a remote backend. There are several remote backend options such as, consul, etcd, gcs, http and s3. For a full list of remote backends, refer to Terraform documentation.

For this tutorial, we will configure an S3 Remote Backend which includes an S3 bucket for storing the state file and a DynamoDB table for state locking and consistency checking.

Select one of the following options to configure the S3 Remote Backend:

Option 1: Utilize an existing S3 bucket and DynamoDB to configure the S3 Remote Backend.

  1. From Step 2, while we still have the virtual environment activated, let's open the project directory using our choice of an Integrated Development Environment (IDE). In my case, I'm using Visual Studio Code which I downloaded from the Ubuntu Software Store. Run code . on the terminal to open the project directory via VS Code.

  2. Navigate to main.py file and add the AWS provider construct to the imports section:



from cdktf_cdktf_provider_aws import AwsProvider
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Note: the final main.py code will be provided at the end of this section.

  1. Configure the AWS provider by adding the following code to MyStack class:


AwsProvider(self, "AWS", region="us-east-1", profile="CDKTF")
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Note: we are using the profile attribute to specify the AWS profile to use. This is the AWS CLI profile we have previously discussed and created in the Required Prerequisites section. If you don't have a profile created, you can remove the profile attribute and the AWS provider will use the default profile. Or, you can use a different authentication method as per the AWS Provider documentation.

  1. Add S3Backend class to the other imported classes. The S3Backend class is employing the S3 bucket and DynamoDB table as an S3 remote backend.


from cdktf import App, TerraformStack, S3Backend
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode
  1. Add the S3 Backend construct to the main.py file. We will add the following S3 Backend configurations to the MyStack class:

  • bucket - the name of the S3 bucket to store the state file. The bucket must exist and be in the same region as the stack. If the bucket doesn't exist, the stack will fail to deploy.

  • key - the name of the state file and its path. The default value is terraform.tfstate.

  • encrypt - whether to encrypt the state file using server-side encryption with AWS KMS. The default value is true.

  • region - the region of the S3 bucket and DynamoDB table. The default value is us-east-1.

  • dynamodb_table - the name of the DynamoDB table to use for state locking and consistency checking. The table must exist and be in the same region as the stack. If the table doesn't exist, the stack will fail to deploy.

  • profile - the AWS CLI profile to use. The default value is default. But, we have already configured the AWS provider to use the CDKTF profile.

Here is how the S3 Backend construct will look like:



        S3Backend(self,
        bucket="cdktf-remote-backend",
        key="first_project/terraform.tfstate",
        encrypt=True,
        region="us-east-1",
        dynamodb_table="cdktf-remote-backend-lock",
        profile="CDKTF",
        )
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

The final main.py file should look like this:



from constructs import Construct
from cdktf import App, TerraformStack, S3Backend
from cdktf_cdktf_provider_aws import AwsProvider

class MyStack(TerraformStack):
    def __init__(self, scope: Construct, ns: str):
        super().__init__(scope, ns)

        AwsProvider(self, "AWS", region="us-east-1", profile="CDKTF")

        S3Backend(self,
        bucket="cdktf-remote-backend",
        key="first_project/terraform.tfstate",
        encrypt=True,
        region="us-east-1",
        dynamodb_table="cdktf-remote-backend-lock",
        profile="CDKTF",
        )

        # define resources here


app = App()
MyStack(app, "first_project")

app.synth()
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Image description

  1. Run cdktf synth to generate the Terraform configuration files. The Terraform configuration files will be generated in the cdktf.out directory. The synth command will fail if the S3 bucket and DynamoDB table don't exist. 


cdktf synth
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

You have successfully configured the S3 Remote Backend. Let's move on to the next section.

  1. To test the configuration of the S3 remote backend, follow the below steps to create an S3 bucket resource and deploy the stack.
  • Import the S3 bucket library to the main.py file:


from cdktf_cdktf_provider_aws import AwsProvider, s3
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode
  • Add the S3 bucket resource to the MyStack class:


        my_bucket = s3.S3Bucket(self, "my_bucket",
        bucket="Name-of-the-bucket",
        )
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

  • Replace Name-of-the-bucket with the name of the bucket you want to create. Note, S3 bucket names must be unique across all existing bucket names in Amazon S3.

  • Run cdktf deploy to deploy the stack and create the S3 bucket. 



cdktf deploy
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

asciicast

Note: if you get Incomplete lock file information for providers warning, you can either ignore it or you can run terraform providers lock -platform=linux_amd64 from the project root directory to validate the lock file. For more information, refer to Terraform documentation.

Congratulations, you have successfully configured an S3 remote backend and created an S3 bucket using CDKTF. It's time to take a break and stretch your legs.

Option 2: Create an S3 Bucket and DynamoDB Table for the S3 Remote Backend using CDKTF

For this option, we will take a different approach. We will create the S3 bucket and DynamoDB table using CDKTF and then configure the S3 remote backend to use the newly created resources. Follow the below steps to create the S3 bucket and DynamoDB table:

  1. Open the project directory using your preferred IDE. If you are using VS Code, cd into the project folder and run code . on the terminal to open the project directory using VS Code.

  2. Navigate to the main.py file and replace the default code with the following. This code creates an S3 bucket and DynamoDB table for the S3 remote backend. 



from constructs import Construct
from cdktf import App, TerraformStack, S3Backend
from cdktf_cdktf_provider_aws import AwsProvider, s3, dynamodb

class MyStack(TerraformStack):
    def __init__(self, scope: Construct, ns: str):
        super().__init__(scope, ns)

        AwsProvider(self, "AWS", region="us-east-1", profile="CDKTF")

        # define resources here
        s3_backend_bucket = s3.S3Bucket(self,
        "s3_backend_bucket",
        bucket="cdktf-remote-backend-2",
        )
        dynamodb_lock_table = dynamodb.DynamodbTable(self, 
        "dynamodb_lock_table",
        name="cdktf-remote-backend-lock-2",
        billing_mode="PAY_PER_REQUEST",
        attribute=[
            {
                "name": "LockID",
                "type": "S"
            }
        ],
        hash_key="LockID",
        )



app = App()
MyStack(app, "first_project")

app.synth()
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Note, if the S3 bucket and DynamoDB table already exist, an error will be thrown. The S3 bucket names must be globally unique across all existing bucket names in Amazon S3 and DynamoDB table names must be unique within an AWS account. If you get an error, you can change the bucket and table names to unique names.

Image description

  1. Run cdktf deploy to deploy the stack and create the S3 bucket and DynamoDB table.


cdktf deploy
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

asciicast

Note: if you get Incomplete lock file information for providers warning, you can either ignore it or you can run terraform providers lock -platform=linux_amd64 from the project root directory to validate the lock file.

  1. Now, we will configure the S3 remote backend to use the newly created S3 bucket and DynamoDB table. Open the main.py file and replace the code with the following. This code configures the S3 remote backend to use the newly created S3 bucket and DynamoDB table. Make sure to replace the bucket and dynamodb_table values with the names of the S3 bucket and DynamoDB table you created in the previous step.


from constructs import Construct
from cdktf import App, TerraformStack, S3Backend
from cdktf_cdktf_provider_aws import AwsProvider, s3, dynamodb

class MyStack(TerraformStack):
    def __init__(self, scope: Construct, ns: str):
        super().__init__(scope, ns)

        AwsProvider(self, "AWS", region="us-east-1", profile="CDKTF")

        #S3 Remote Backend
        S3Backend(self,
        bucket="cdktf-remote-backend-2",
        key="first_project/terraform.tfstate",
        encrypt=True,
        region="us-east-1",
        dynamodb_table="cdktf-remote-backend-lock-2",
        profile="CDKTF",
        )

        # Resources
        s3_backend_bucket = s3.S3Bucket(self, "s3_backend_bucket",
        bucket="cdktf-remote-backend-2",
        )

        dynamodb_lock_table = dynamodb.DynamodbTable(self, "dynamodb_lock_table",
        name="cdktf-remote-backend-lock-2",
        billing_mode="PAY_PER_REQUEST",
        attribute=[
            {
                "name": "LockID",
                "type": "S"
            }
        ],
        hash_key="LockID",
        )



app = App()
MyStack(app, "first_project")

app.synth()
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode
  1. Run cdktf synth to generate the Terraform configuration files. The Terraform configuration files will be generated in the cdktf.out directory.


cdktf synth
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode
  1. To migrate the local state backend to an S3 remote backend, navigate to the cdktf.out/stacks/first_project directory and run the following command to start the migration process. The first_project is the name of the project. If you have named your project differently, navigate to the cdktf.out/stacks/<project_name> directory and run the command.

Note: before running this command, read Important Notes below



cd cdktf.out/stacks/first_project
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 


terraform init --migrate-state
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Important Notes:

When you run terraform init --migrate-state, Terraform prompts you to answer the following question:

Do you want to copy existing state to the new backend?

A. If you enter, yes to migrate the state file to the S3 backend, CDKTF will manage the S3 remote backend (S3 bucket and DynamoDB table) for you. Therefore, if you delete the stack, the S3 bucket and DynamoDB table will be vurnerable to deletion. Note, we can't delete a non-empty S3 unless we add force_destroy=True to the S3 bucket configuration. This option is not recommended if you want to keep the S3 bucket and DynamoDB table, especially if you are using the S3 bucket and DynamoDB table as a remote backend for other Terraform projects. But, if you are just experimenting with CDKTF, this option is fine.

B. If you enter no, to migrate the state file to the S3 backend, CDKTF will not manage the S3 bucket and DynamoDB table. If you delete the stack, the S3 bucket and DynamoDB table will not be deleted and you will have to manually delete the S3 bucket and DynamoDB table. Moreover, you will also need to remove the S3 bucket and DynamoDB table constructs from the main.py file.

To read more about initializing remote backend manually, refer to the Terraform documentation.

The below terminal recording demonstrates the steps above. In the recording, I have shown the error message that you may get if you attempt to run cdktf deploy prior to reconfiguring from local backend to an S3 remote backend.
I have entered yes to migrate the state file to the S3 remote backend and let the CDKTF manage the S3 bucket and DynamoDB table.

asciicast

  1. Run cdktf diff from the project root directory to compare the current state of the stack with the desired state of the stack. The output should be empty, which means there are no changes to be made and the state file is up to date.


cdktf diff
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Note: you have to be in the project root directory to run cdktf diff.

Great! You have successfully migrated the local state backend to an S3 remote backend. Way to go, you have achieved another milestone! 🎉🎉🎉

Step 4: Learn How to Use Construct Hub and AWS Provider Submodules

Prior to digging into the AWS provider, let's first understand most commonly used terms in the CDKTF documentation:

  1. Submodules is a collection of related resources. For example, the s3.S3Bucket construct is part of the s3 submodule. The s3.S3Bucket construct creates an S3 bucket. The s3 submodule contains other constructs such as s3.S3BucketPolicy, s3.S3BucketAcl, s3.S3BucketObject, etc.

  2. Construct is another important term to understand. A construct is a class that represents a Terraform resource, data source, or provider. The s3 submodule contains classes that represent S3 constructs, classes and structs.

  3. Stack is a collection of constructs. The MyStack class in the main.py file is a stack. The MyStack class in the main.py file is a stack. The MyStack class contains constructs that represent e.g. Terraform resources, data sources, and providers.

Scenario 1: S3 Bucket

Let's say we would like to create an S3 bucket but we don't know which construct to use. Let's head to the Python Construct Hub for the AWS provider and follow the steps below:

  1. From the left hand side and under Documentation, click on Choose Submodule.
  2. In the search box, type in s3 and then click on the result, which is s3.
  3. Under Submodule:s3, you will see a list of Constructs and Structs. Click on S3Bucket
  4. To create an S3 bucket, you will import the s3 submodule as shown under Initializers.
  5. The construct to use is s3.S3Bucket.
  6. We need to find the required configurations for the s3.S3Bucket construct. Scan the page and look for configurations marked Required. In this case, S3 bucket does not have any required configuration, not even a name. If you leave the name argument empty, the S3 bucket will be created with a random name. We can specify a name for the S3 bucket and other configurations, but this is not required.

We have to distinguish between required and optional configurations. Required configurations must be specified when creating a resource. Optional configurations can be specified when creating a resource.

This is the code snippet for creating an S3 bucket with minimal configurations:



my_3bucket= s3.S3Bucket(self, "s3_bucket")
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Note: if you leave the name argument empty, the S3 bucket will be created with a random name.

Scenario 2: ECS Cluster

This time let's say we would like to create an ECS cluster. Let's head to the Python Construct Hub for the AWS provider and follow the steps below:

  1. From the left hand side and under Documentation, click on Choose Submodule.
  2. In the search box, type in ecs and then click on the result, which is ecs.
  3. Under Submodule:ecs, you will see a list of Constructs and Structs. Click on EcsCluster
  4. To create an ECS cluster, you will import ecs class as shown under Initializers.
  5. The construct to use is ecs.EcsCluster as shown below.
  6. We need to find the required configurations for the ecs.EcsCluster construct. The minimum required configurations to create an ECS cluster is just the name of the cluster. But, we can also specify other configurations such as, capacity_providers, default_capacity_provider_strategy, configuration, etc. 


my_ecs_cluster = ecs.EcsCluster(self, "my_ecs_cluster",
name = "My_Cluster"
)
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Image description

CDKTF Commands:

There are several CDKTF commands that we need to be familiar with. The below table shows the commands, their descriptions and the corresponding Terraform commands.

Commands Description Aliases
cdktf init Create a new cdktf project from a template.
cdktf get Generate CDK Constructs for Terraform providers and modules.
cdktf convert Converts a single file of HCL configuration to CDK for Terraform. Takes the file to be converted on stdin.
cdktf deploy Deploy the given stacks [aliases: apply]
cdktf destroy Destroy the given stacks
cdktf diff Perform a diff (terraform plan) for the given stack [aliases: plan]
cdktf list List stacks in app.
cdktf login Retrieves an API token to connect to Terraform Cloud or Terraform Enterprise.
cdktf synth Synthesizes Terraform code for the given app in a directory. [aliases: synthesize]
cdktf watch [experimental] Watch for file changes and automatically trigger a deploy
cdktf output Prints the output of stacks [aliases: outputs]
cdktf debug Get debug information about the current project and environment
cdktf provider A set of subcommands that facilitates provider management
cdktf completion generate completion script

To find out more about the cdktf commands, run cdktf [command] --help and replace [command] with the command you want to learn more about.

For example, to learn more about the cdktf deploy command, run cdktf deploy --help.

Step 5: Deploying a Lambda Function URL using CDKTF

CDKTF is a great tool to provision AWS resources. We have already created an S3 bucket and DynamoDB table in the previous section. In this section, I will show you how to create a Lambda function using CDKTF with function url enabled. The lambda will host a simple static web page, and well configure the function url as an output. The process requires creating an IAM role and attaching a policy to the role. I will also introduce you to multiple concepts in CDKTF.

In this section, I will cover the following topics:

  • How to create an IAM role for Lambda function
  • How to attach a policy to the IAM role
  • How to create a Lambda function
  • How to enable function url for the Lambda function
  • How to package a Lambda function from a local directory and python file
  • How to create an output for the Lambda function url

Buckle up, we are going to learn a lot in this section! 🚀🚀🚀

Follow the steps below to deploy a Lambda function URL using CDKTF:

  1. Firstly, let's keep out project organized and create a new directory called lambda in the root directory of the project. This is where we will store our Lambda function code.

  2. Create a new file called lambda_function.py in the lambda directory.

  3. Copy the lambda_function.py code from my GitHub repository and paste it into the lambda_function.py file.

  4. I will go over the main.py code and the final main.py file will provided at the end of the section.

  • In the main.py file, import the TerraformOutput, TerraformAsset and AssetType classes from the cdktf module. The Asset construct was introduced in CDK for Terraform v0.4+ and is used to package our local directory and python file into a zip file. The TerraformOutput construct is used to create an output for the Lambda function url. The AssetType is used to specify the type of asset.

The final import statements should look like this:



from constructs import Construct
from cdktf import App, TerraformStack, S3Backend, TerraformOutput, TerraformAsset, AssetType
from cdktf_cdktf_provider_aws import AwsProvider, s3, dynamodb, iam, lambdafunction
import os
import os.path as Path
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Note, we have imported os and os.path as Path modules. We will use these modules to get the current working directory and to join the path to the lambda directory.

  • The TerraformAsset construct requires a path argument. The path argument is the path to the directory or file that you want to package. In this case, we will use the os module to get the current working directory and then join the path to the lambda directory. The AssetType.ARCHIVE is to specify that the asset should produce an archive. The final path argument should look like this:


asset = TerraformAsset(self, "lambda_file",
path = Path.join(os.getcwd(), "lambda"),
type = AssetType.ARCHIVE,
)
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode
  • Creating a Lambda function requires creating an IAM role. Therefore, we will create an IAM role first. We will also attach the AWSLambdaBasicExecutionRole AWS managed policy to the IAM role. This policy allows the Lambda function to write logs to CloudWatch. Refer to AWS documentation for more information about the AWSLambdaBasicExecutionRole policy.

The assume_role_policy argument is the policy that grants permission to assume the IAM role, which requires a JSON string. The JSON string is the policy document that grants permission to assume the IAM role. The final snippet of code should look like this:



        lambda_role = iam.IamRole(self, "lambda_role",
        name="my-lambda-url-role",
        managed_policy_arns=[
            "arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/service-role/AWSLambdaBasicExecutionRole"
        ],
        assume_role_policy="""{
            "Version": "2012-10-17",
            "Statement": [
                {
                    "Action": "sts:AssumeRole",
                    "Principal": {
                        "Service": "lambda.amazonaws.com"
                    },
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Sid": ""
                }
            ]
        }""",
        )
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode
  • Now, we are ready to create a lambda function. The handler configuration is the name of the Python file that contains the lambda function. The runtime provides a language-specific environment that runs in an execution environment. The source_code_hash argument is the hash of the file that contains the lambda function. The source_code_hash argument is required to trigger a new deployment when the lambda function code changes. The filename argument is the path to the file that contains the lambda function.

The final snippet of code should look like this:



        my_lambda = lambdafunction.LambdaFunction(self, "my_lambda",
        function_name="my-lambda-url",
        handler="lambda_function.lambda_handler",
        role=lambda_role.arn,
        runtime="python3.9",
        source_code_hash = asset.asset_hash,
        filename=asset.path,
        )
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode
  • We need to enable function url for the lambda function and define an authorization_type for the function url. The authorization_type argument is the type of authorization that is used to invoke the function url. The authorization_type argument can be set to NONE or AWS_IAM. The final snippet of code should look like this:


        my_lambda_url = lambdafunction.LambdaFunctionUrl(self, "my_lambda_url",
        function_name=my_lambda.function_name,
        authorization_type="NONE",
        )
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode
  • Finally, we need to create an output for the Lambda function url. The value argument is the value of the output. The value argument can be a string, number, boolean, or a list. The final snippet of code should look like this:


        TerraformOutput(self, "lambda_url",
        value=my_lambda_url.invoke_url,
        )
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

The final main.py code should look like this:



from constructs import Construct
from cdktf import App, TerraformStack, S3Backend, TerraformOutput, TerraformAsset, AssetType
from cdktf_cdktf_provider_aws import AwsProvider, s3, dynamodb, iam, lambdafunction
import os
import os.path as Path

class MyStack(TerraformStack):
    def __init__(self, scope: Construct, ns: str):
        super().__init__(scope, ns)

        AwsProvider(self, "AWS", region="us-east-1", profile="CDKTF")

        #S3 Remote Backend
        S3Backend(self,
        bucket="cdktf-remote-backend-2",
        key="first_project/terraform.tfstate",
        encrypt=True,
        region="us-east-1",
        dynamodb_table="cdktf-remote-backend-lock-2",
        profile="CDKTF",
        )

        # Resources
        s3_backend_bucket = s3.S3Bucket(self, "s3_backend_bucket",
        bucket="cdktf-remote-backend-2",
        )

        dynamodb_lock_table = dynamodb.DynamodbTable(self, "dynamodb_lock_table",
        name="cdktf-remote-backend-lock-2",
        billing_mode="PAY_PER_REQUEST",
        attribute=[
            {
                "name": "LockID",
                "type": "S"
            }
        ],
        hash_key="LockID",
        )

        # Asset for Lambda Function
        asset = TerraformAsset(self, "lambda_file",
        path = Path.join(os.getcwd(), "lambda"),
        type = AssetType.ARCHIVE,
        )

        # IAM Role for Lambda Function
        lambda_role = iam.IamRole(self, "lambda_role",
        name="my-lambda-url-role",
        managed_policy_arns=[
            "arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/service-role/AWSLambdaBasicExecutionRole"
        ],
        assume_role_policy="""{
            "Version": "2012-10-17",
            "Statement": [
                {
                    "Action": "sts:AssumeRole",
                    "Principal": {
                        "Service": "lambda.amazonaws.com"
                    },
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Sid": ""
                }
            ]
        }""",
        )

        # Lambda Function
        my_lambda = lambdafunction.LambdaFunction(self, "my_lambda",
        function_name="my-lambda-url",
        handler="lambda_function.lambda_handler",
        role=lambda_role.arn,
        runtime="python3.9",
        source_code_hash = asset.asset_hash,
        filename=asset.path,
        )

        # Lambda Function Url
        my_lambda_url = lambdafunction.LambdaFunctionUrl(self, "my_lambda_url",
        function_name=my_lambda.function_name,
        authorization_type="NONE",
        )



        # Outputs for Lambda Function Url
        TerraformOutput(self, "lambda_url",
        value=my_lambda_url.function_url,
        )


app = App()
MyStack(app, "first_project")

app.synth()
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode
  1. Run cdktf deploy to deploy the stack. ```

cdktf deploy


>Note: you can also run `cdktf deploy --auto-approve` to deploy the stack without confirmation. However, I would suggest to refrain from using this option in production unless you are absolutely sure that you want to deploy the stack without confirmation.

Finally, grab the `lambda_url` output and paste it in your browser. If you see the dancing bananas, then you have successfully deployed your first lambda function using CDKTF.



![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/s58zzzwtfkb32h251l0u.png)


<br>

Congratulations! You have successfully deployed a lambda function with a function url using CDKTF. I'm sure you feel like you are on top of the world right now. Well done!

---


**To delete the stack, we need to follow the below steps:**

Note, we chose to allow CDKTF to manage the remote backend. This means that CDKTF will delete the remote backend (the S3 bucket and DynamoDB Table) when we delete the stack. There are many methods to delete the stack, but I find the below method to be the easiest. Let's go through the steps:


A. Add `force_destroy=True` to the `s3_backend_bucket` configurations. The S3 bucket cannot be deleted if it is not empty. This is the reason why we need to add `force_destroy=True`.
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 
    s3_backend_bucket = s3.S3Bucket(self, "s3_backend_bucket",
    bucket="cdktf-remote-backend-2",
    force_destroy=True
    )
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 

B. Run `cdktf deploy` to update the S3 bucket configurations:
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

cdktf deploy


C. Run `cdktf destroy` to delete the entire stack:
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

cdktf destroy


>Note: after running `cdktf destroy`, you will get an error message saying `failed to retrieve lock info`. This is expected due to the fact the dynamodb table is deleted. You can ignore this error message.

---


## Conclusion

In this tutorial, we have learned how to properly install and configure CDKTF, how to migrate from a local backend to an S3 remote backend. We have also learned how to deploy a lambda function with a function url using CDKTF. We have also briefly learned how to read and utilize the CDKTF documentation from the Construct Hub.

The most important thing to remember is that CDKTF is still in its early stages. I am confident that CDKTF will be a great tool for managing Terraform stacks in the near future.


Congratulations on completing this tutorial and overcoming several challenges. You have achieved many learning milestones. I hope this tutorial added value to your learning journey. Thank you for reading! 

<br>

**Omar A Omar**
Site Reliability Engineer
AWS Community Builder
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Top comments (0)

Read next

sarvar_04 profile image

🚀 Introducing Amazon Aurora DSQL: The Next Evolution in Databases 📊

Sarvar Nadaf -

wizzyb profile image

Creating a Linux VM and installing nginx on it

Wisdom Benson -

ajmal_hasan profile image

Beginner's Guide to Python: A Quick Tutorial - 2

Ajmal Hasan -

ajmal_hasan profile image

Setting Up Virtual environment in Python Projects with Conda - 1

Ajmal Hasan -