Angular has been releasing new things nonstop, one of which Is the DestroyRef token, a utility class that provides an onDestroy hook that is called when a component/directive is destroyed.
@Component({...})
class IAmAHookComponent {
constructor() {
inject(DestroyRef).onDestroy(() => {
// Have something to clean up before I go?
})
}
}
We already have this with the OnDestroy interface, but the cool thing about DestroyRef is that it works wonderfully with another utility function named takeUntilDestroyed
Problem
Before takeUntilDestroyed you’ve to do something similar to unsubscribe from an observable stream$
@Component({...})
export class OldSchoolUnsubscribeComponent implements OnInit, OnDestroy {
_destroy: Subject<void> = new Subject<void>();
ngOnInit(): void {
stream$
.pipe(takeUntil(this._destroy))
.subscribe();
}
ngOnDestroy(): void {
this._destroy.next();
}
}
With DestroyRef and takeUntilDestroyed you can do the following:
export class NewWayComponent implements OnInit {
_destroy: DestroyRef = inject(DestroyRef);
ngOnInit(): void {
_stream.pipe(takeUntilDestroyed(this._destroy)).subscribe();
}
}
Pretty cool, isn’t it?
Previously, I’ve used the fantastic until-destroy package that does what the takeUntilDestroyed does but using a decorator.
import { UntilDestroy, untilDestroyed } from '@ngneat/until-destroy';
@UntilDestroy()
@Component({...})
export class UsingPackageComponent {
ngOnInit() {
_stream.pipe(untilDestroyed(this)).subscribe();
}
}
Very similar. However, I always prefer to maximize the framework’s usage as much as possible. As we already have a method now to do it the Angular way, I’d instead remove a package from my node_modules
Solution
You can change them manually, or you can write a script to modify the code for you. In the last blog, we talked about how we can use TypeScript compiler API to do code modification. This case is one of many that the compiler API excels at. That being said, we are going to use the ts-morph package today:
- To learn something.
- As of today, you cannot instruct the TypeScript AST printer to respect the original code formatting (although you can apply prettier right after code modification to get it back as it was). Hence,
ts-morph -
ts-morphoffers a friendly API to manipulate the source code
Starting with Installing ts-morph
npm i ts-morph
Create a morph project and select Angular-related files
import * as morph from "ts-morph";
const project = new morph.Project({
// Change it to select the project you want to update.
tsConfigFilePath: "./tsconfig.json",
});
// Get all the source files that match the angular pattern (e.g., "*.component.ts")
const files = project.getSourceFiles(
`/**/*.+(component|directive|pipe|service).ts`
);
Keep in mind that you’re only going to migrate the first case of using until-destroy mentioned above. if you’re using checkProperties, arrayName, or blackList, you’ve to improve on the code.
The Code
The plan is to iterate over all files from ts-morph and then loop over all classes in each file.
// Iterate through each component file
for (const file of files) {
const classes = file.getDescendantsOfKind(morph.SyntaxKind.ClassDeclaration);
for (const clazz of classes) {
// Codemod Logic goes here
}
}
Moving next, you need to filter out the classes that don’t need to be modified. There are four situations where a class is not modifiable:
- The class doesn’t have an Angular-related decorator.
- The class doesn’t have a
UntilDestroydecorator. - The
UntilDestroydecorator has options in it. - The
untilDestroyedfunction is not used in the class.
The class doesn’t have an Angular-related decorator.
for (const clazz of classes) {
{
// only migrate classes that have @Component, @Directive, @Pipe or @Injectable decorators
const angularDecorators = ["Component", "Directive", "Pipe", "Injectable"];
const angularClass = clazz.getDecorator(dec =>
angularDecorators.includes(dec.getName())
);
if (!angularClass) {
continue;
}
}
}
The class doesn’t have a UntilDestroy decorator.
{
// @UntilDestroy() is our indication that the class needs to be migrated
const untilDestroyDecorator = clazz.getDecorator(
dec => dec.getName() === "UntilDestroy"
);
if (!untilDestroyDecorator) {
continue;
}
}
The UntilDestroy decorator has options in it.
// if options is specified then skip this file
const [optionsArg] = untilDestroyDecorator?.getArguments() ?? [];
const haveOptions = (
optionsArg as morph.ObjectLiteralExpression
)?.getProperties().length;
if (haveOptions) {
continue;
}
The untilDestroyed function is not used in the class. You need to get all calls to untilDestroyed via querying the class for CallExpression nodes and check the name of each node to equal untilDestroyed
{
// migrate untilDestroyed() to takeUntilDestroyed()
const untilDestroyedCalls = clazz
.getDescendantsOfKind(morph.SyntaxKind.CallExpression)
.filter(call => {
const identifier = call.getLastChildByKind(morph.SyntaxKind.Identifier);
return identifier?.getText() === "untilDestroyed";
});
if (!untilDestroyedCalls.length) {
continue;
}
}
With checks in place, you can move to do the code modification. There are 3 places that can contain an untilDestroyed
Within the constructor
@UntilDestroy()
@Injectable()
export class InboxService {
constructor() {
interval(1000).pipe(untilDestroyed(this)).subscribe();
}
}
Within a method
@UntilDestroy()
@Component({})
export class InboxComponent {
ngOnInit() {
interval(1000).pipe(untilDestroyed(this)).subscribe();
}
}
Inlined in the class body
@UntilDestroy()
@Component({})
export class HomeComponent {
subscription = fromEvent(document, "mousemove")
.pipe(untilDestroyed(this))
.subscribe();
}
So you need to loop over untilDestroyedCalls from above and check where each untilDestroyed call is being used and, based on that fact, invoke the modification logic.
// You need destroyRef in case takeUntilDestroyed(this._destroyRef) have been used
let doWeNeedDestroyRef = null;
for (const untilDestroyedCall of untilDestroyedCalls) {
const withinConstructor = untilDestroyedCall.getFirstAncestorByKind(
morph.SyntaxKind.Constructor
);
const withinMethod = untilDestroyedCall.getFirstAncestorByKind(
morph.SyntaxKind.MethodDeclaration
);
switch (true) {
case !!withinConstructor:
// takeUntilDestroyed if used within the constructor can auto-infer the destroyRef
// from the injection context
untilDestroyedCall.replaceWithText("takeUntilDestroyed()");
break;
case !!withinMethod:
// takeUntilDestroyed if used within a method needs to be passed the destroyRef
untilDestroyedCall.replaceWithText(
"takeUntilDestroyed(this._destroyRef)"
);
// set doWeNeedDestroyRef to true so that you can add the _destroyRef property
doWeNeedDestroyRef ??= true;
break;
default:
// Assuming the observable is declared directly in the class
// body so you treat it as if it were within the constructor
untilDestroyedCall.replaceWithText("takeUntilDestroyed()");
break;
}
}
You might have noticied the variable doWeNeedDestroyRef that is used to determine if you need to add the _destroyRef property to the class. If you’re using untilDestroyed within a method, you need to add the _destroyRef property to the class.
{
// add Inject DestroyRef after last public property
if (doWeNeedDestroyRef) {
const lastPublicProperty = clazz
.getInstanceProperties()
.filter(prop => prop.getScope() === morph.Scope.Public);
clazz.insertProperty(lastPublicProperty.length, {
name: "_destroyRef",
scope: morph.Scope.Private,
initializer: "inject(DestroyRef)",
});
}
}
Alternativly, you can use _destroyRef with takeUntilDestroyed always and avoid this check.
Last but not least, you need to remove the until-destroy import and UntilDestroy decorator.
{
// ...
if (!untilDestroyedCalls.length) {
continue;
}
// remove @UntilDestroy() decorator
untilDestroyDecorator.remove();
}
Remove the until-destroy import
{
// remove untilDestroyed import
const untilDestroyedImport = file.getImportDeclaration(
imp => imp.getModuleSpecifierValue() === "@ngneat/until-destroy"
);
untilDestroyedImport?.remove();
}
Finally, you need to ensure the DestroyRef and takeUntilDestroyed imports are set then save the file.
{
// add imports if needed
if (fileMigrated) {
const imports: [string, string[]][] = [
["@angular/core", ["inject", "DestroyRef"]],
["@angular/core/rxjs-interop", ["takeUntilDestroyed"]],
];
setImports(file, imports);
file.saveSync();
}
}
export function setImports(
sourceFile: morph.SourceFile,
imports: [string, string[]][]
): void {
imports.forEach(([moduleSpecifier, namedImports]) => {
const moduleSpecifierImport =
sourceFile
.getImportDeclarations()
.find(imp => imp.getModuleSpecifierValue() === moduleSpecifier) ??
sourceFile.addImportDeclaration({
moduleSpecifier,
});
const missingNamedImports = namedImports.filter(
namedImport =>
!moduleSpecifierImport
.getNamedImports()
.some(imp => imp.getName() === namedImport)
);
moduleSpecifierImport.addNamedImports(missingNamedImports);
});
}
Demo
Demo & Complete Code: To run this code, open the terminal at the bottom and run "npx ts-node ./index.ts"
Navigate to examples folder where you'll see how the code is migrated.
Conclusion
The ts-morph API although simple and to the point it still might confuse you if you're not familiar with the TypeScript compiler API. You can read the Gentle Introduction To Typescript Compiler API to get a better understanding of the TypeScript compiler API.
Make sure to run the script on a clean repository (commit any code) as it will modify the code in place.
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