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Usman Khan

Fractional CTO & Systems Architect. 13+ yrs engineering high-concurrency SaaS, low-latency WebSocket pipelines, & database architectures. Writing about real production scale at ctousman.com.

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PostgreSQL JSONB Write Amplification: TOAST Chunk Fragmentation and Unseen I/O Thrashing

PostgreSQL JSONB Write Amplification: TOAST Chunk Fragmentation and Unseen I/O Thrashing

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4 min read
Server-Sent Events (SSE) Backpressure Breaks: Memory Leaks and Socket Starvation in High-Throughput LLM Pipelines

Server-Sent Events (SSE) Backpressure Breaks: Memory Leaks and Socket Starvation in High-Throughput LLM Pipelines

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4 min read
PostgreSQL MVCC Autovacuum Starvation: HOT Update Breakdown & Table Bloat under Heavy Write Loads

PostgreSQL MVCC Autovacuum Starvation: HOT Update Breakdown & Table Bloat under Heavy Write Loads

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4 min read
Production AI & LLM Pipelines: Guardrails, Streaming Resilience, and Cost-Aware Fallbacks

Production AI & LLM Pipelines: Guardrails, Streaming Resilience, and Cost-Aware Fallbacks

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3 min read
Advanced System Architecture: Designing Multi-Tenant Event-Driven Queues with Fair-Share Scheduling

Advanced System Architecture: Designing Multi-Tenant Event-Driven Queues with Fair-Share Scheduling

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4 min read
Zero-Downtime Database Migrations: Shadow Tables, Dual-Writing, and Schema Expansion

Zero-Downtime Database Migrations: Shadow Tables, Dual-Writing, and Schema Expansion

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4 min read
Advanced System Architecture: Designing Multi-Region Read Replicas and Global Data Consistency

Advanced System Architecture: Designing Multi-Region Read Replicas and Global Data Consistency

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3 min read
Microservices Event Pipelines: Outbox Pattern, CDC, and Idempotent Event Sourcing

Microservices Event Pipelines: Outbox Pattern, CDC, and Idempotent Event Sourcing

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4 min read
Asynchronous ERP Sync Engine: High-Throughput Webhook Ingestion & Durable Queue Orchestration

Asynchronous ERP Sync Engine: High-Throughput Webhook Ingestion & Durable Queue Orchestration

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2 min read
Cloud Infrastructure Cost Optimization: FinOps Engineering, Graviton Migrations, and Auto-Scaling

Cloud Infrastructure Cost Optimization: FinOps Engineering, Graviton Migrations, and Auto-Scaling

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3 min read
Production AI & LLM Task Pipelines: Managing Token Budgets, Backpressure, and Asynchronous Queue Architecture

Production AI & LLM Task Pipelines: Managing Token Budgets, Backpressure, and Asynchronous Queue Architecture

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2 min read
Distributed API Rate Limiting & Idempotency at Scale: Redis Keyspace Architecture & Lock Patterns

Distributed API Rate Limiting & Idempotency at Scale: Redis Keyspace Architecture & Lock Patterns

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3 min read
Multi-Tenant Database Isolation: Schema-per-Tenant vs. Row-Level Security in Postgres

Multi-Tenant Database Isolation: Schema-per-Tenant vs. Row-Level Security in Postgres

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2 min read
Zero-Downtime Database Migrations at Scale: Dual-Writing & Shadow Testing

Zero-Downtime Database Migrations at Scale: Dual-Writing & Shadow Testing

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2 min read
Engineering a Low-Latency WebSocket Pipeline for Live PSX Market Feeds

Engineering a Low-Latency WebSocket Pipeline for Live PSX Market Feeds

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2 min read
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