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World In Dev profile image Garvit Motwani
Garvit Motwani for World In Dev

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ES6 Cheatsheet 🔥 - All You Need 🚀

Hey Devs, This is an all you need ES6 cheatsheet for beginners and seasoned developers!

So let's get started!!

 

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Block scoping

Let 

function fn () {
  let x = 0
  if (true) {
    let x = 1 // only inside this `if`
  }
}
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Const 

const a = 1
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let is the new var. Constants work just like let, but can't be reassigned.
Check: Let and const

Backtick strings

Interpolation 

const message = `Hello ${name}`
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Multiline strings 

const str = `
hello
world
`
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Templates and multiline strings.
Check: Template strings

Binary and octal literals 

let bin = 0b1010010
let oct = 0o755
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Check: Binary and octal literals

New methods

New string methods 

"hello".repeat(3)
"hello".includes("ll")
"hello".startsWith("he")
"hello".padStart(8) // "   hello"
"hello".padEnd(8) // "hello   " 
"hello".padEnd(8, '!') // hello!!!
"\u1E9B\u0323".normalize("NFC")
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Check: New methods

Classes 

class Circle extends Shape {
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Constructor 

  constructor (radius) {
    this.radius = radius
  }
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Methods 

  getArea () {
    return Math.PI * 2 * this.radius
  }
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Calling superclass methods 

  expand (n) {
    return super.expand(n) * Math.PI
  }
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Static methods 

  static createFromDiameter(diameter) {
    return new Circle(diameter / 2)
  }
}
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Syntactic sugar for prototypes.
Check: Classes

Exponent operator 

const byte = 2 ** 8
// Same as: Math.pow(2, 8)
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Promises

Making promises 

new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  if (ok) { resolve(result) }
  else { reject(error) }
})
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For asynchronous programming.
Check: Promises

Using promises 

promise
  .then((result) => { ··· })
  .catch((error) => { ··· })
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Using promises with finally 

promise
  .then((result) => { ··· })
  .catch((error) => { ··· })
  .finally(() => { // logic independent of success/error })
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The handler is called when the promise is fulfilled or rejected.

Promise functions 

Promise.all(···)
Promise.race(···)
Promise.reject(···)
Promise.resolve(···)
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Async-await 

async function run () {
  const user = await getUser()
  const tweets = await getTweets(user)
  return [user, tweets]
}
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async functions are another way of using functions.

Check: async function

Destructuring

Destructuring assignment

Arrays 

const [first, last] = ['Nikola', 'Tesla']
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Objects 

let {title, author} = {
  title: 'The Silkworm',
  author: 'R. Galbraith'
}
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Supports for matching arrays and objects.
Check: Destructuring

Default values 

const scores = [22, 33]
const [math = 50, sci = 50, arts = 50] = scores
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// Result:
// math === 22, sci === 33, arts === 50
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Default values can be assigned while destructuring arrays or objects.

Function arguments 

function greet({ name, greeting }) {
  console.log(`${greeting}, ${name}!`)
}
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greet({ name: 'Larry', greeting: 'Ahoy' })
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Destructuring of objects and arrays can also be done in function arguments.

Default values 

function greet({ name = 'Rauno' } = {}) {
  console.log(`Hi ${name}!`);
}
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greet() // Hi Rauno!
greet({ name: 'Larry' }) // Hi Larry!
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Reassigning keys 

function printCoordinates({ left: x, top: y }) {
  console.log(`x: ${x}, y: ${y}`)
}
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printCoordinates({ left: 25, top: 90 })
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This example assigns x to the value of the left key.

Loops 

for (let {title, artist} of songs) {
  ···
}
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The assignment expressions work in loops, too.

Object destructuring 

const { id, ...detail } = song;
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Extract some keys individually and remaining keys in the object using rest (...) operator

Spread

Object spread

with Object spread 

const options = {
  ...defaults,
  visible: true
}
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without Object spread 

const options = Object.assign(
  {}, defaults,
  { visible: true })
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The Object spread operator lets you build new objects from other objects.

Check: Object spread

Array spread

with Array spread 

const users = [
  ...admins,
  ...editors,
  'rstacruz'
]
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without Array spread 

const users = admins
  .concat(editors)
  .concat([ 'rstacruz' ])
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The spread operator lets you build new arrays in the same way.

Check: Spread operator

Functions

Function arguments

Default arguments 

function greet (name = 'Jerry') {
  return `Hello ${name}`
}
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Rest arguments 

function fn(x, ...y) {
  // y is an Array
  return x * y.length
}
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Spread 

fn(...[1, 2, 3])
// same as fn(1, 2, 3)
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Default, rest, spread.
Check: Function arguments

Fat arrows

Fat arrows 

setTimeout(() => {
  ···
})
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With arguments 

readFile('text.txt', (err, data) => {
  ...
})
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Implicit return 

numbers.map(n => n * 2)
// No curly braces = implicit return
// Same as: numbers.map(function (n) { return n * 2 })
numbers.map(n => ({
  result: n * 2
}))
// Implicitly returning objects requires parentheses around the object
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Like functions but with this preserved.
Check: Fat arrows

Objects

Shorthand syntax 

module.exports = { hello, bye }
// Same as: module.exports = { hello: hello, bye: bye }
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Check: Object literal enhancements

Methods 

const App = {
  start () {
    console.log('running')
  }
}
// Same as: App = { start: function () {···} }
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Check: Object literal enhancements

Getters and setters 

const App = {
  get closed () {
    return this.status === 'closed'
  },
  set closed (value) {
    this.status = value ? 'closed' : 'open'
  }
}
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Check: Object literal enhancements

Computed property names 

let event = 'click'
let handlers = {
  [`on${event}`]: true
}
// Same as: handlers = { 'onclick': true }
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Check: Object literal enhancements

Extract values 

const fatherJS = { age: 57, name: "Brendan Eich" }

Object.values(fatherJS)
// [57, "Brendan Eich"]
Object.entries(fatherJS)
// [["age", 57], ["name", "Brendan Eich"]]
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Modules

Imports 

import 'helpers'
// aka: require('···')
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import Express from 'express'
// aka: const Express = require('···').default || require('···')
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import { indent } from 'helpers'
// aka: const indent = require('···').indent
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import * as Helpers from 'helpers'
// aka: const Helpers = require('···')
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import { indentSpaces as indent } from 'helpers'
// aka: const indent = require('···').indentSpaces
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import is the new require().
Check: Module imports

Exports 

export default function () { ··· }
// aka: module.exports.default = ···
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export function mymethod () { ··· }
// aka: module.exports.mymethod = ···
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export const pi = 3.14159
// aka: module.exports.pi = ···
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export is the new module.exports.
Check: Module exports

Generators

Generators 

function* idMaker () {
  let id = 0
  while (true) { yield id++ }
}
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let gen = idMaker()
gen.next().value  // → 0
gen.next().value  // → 1
gen.next().value  // → 2
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It's complicated.
Check: Generators

For..of iteration 

for (let i of iterable) {
  ···
}
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For iterating through generators and arrays.
Check: For..of iteration

References

MDN Web Docs
DevHints
w3schools

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Top comments (8)

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shadowtime2000 profile image
Info Comment hidden by post author - thread only accessible via permalink
shadowtime2000 •

Your description of let and const lacks some detail. Let isn't just "the new var". It has differences. For one part, var is globally scoped as when you do var this = "that" it is kind of linked to globalThis, while let is only available within the scope it was created in.

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kattak2k profile image
Ravi Katta •

This is the best cheatsheet, I've come across.

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garvitmotwani profile image
Garvit Motwani •

Thanks

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killants profile image
killants •

Good post with direct and easy explanation... Thx ;)

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garvitmotwani profile image
Garvit Motwani •

Thanks

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madza profile image
Madza •

Tbh I miss new ES versions to be as revolutionary as ES6 was back in the day 😉 Nowadays just a couple string or array methods are being introduced 😀

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garvitmotwani profile image
Garvit Motwani •

Ya they are not that good

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olsard profile image
olsard •

Great, thanks a million for your work.

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